How Chaucer Combines Realism and Convention through the Franklin :: essays research papers

How does Chaucer combine realism and convention through the character and words of the Franklin?The Franklin character is portrayed as a convention primarily by universe a Franklin a nameless type. Chaucers audience is aware of the typical attributes of a Franklin so it is then up to Chaucer to further the character by incorporating realism through aspects of his personality. Therefore giving the reader a connection with the character and make them appreciate him more as a person.In the prologue of the Franklins tale Chaucer makes his Franklin and individual, by showing his insecurity as a citizen in the shadow of the aristocracy, shown in his disdainful treatment and abeyance of the squire.In faith, Squier, thow hast thee wel yquitAnd gentilly. I preise wel thy wit,Quod the Frankeleyn, considerin thy yowtheHis patronising attitude reveals his insecurity portraying him as a realistic character but also adding to the conventional Franklin image. A Franklin being a freeman he was ric h and would have held a good position owning his own land, but he would never be at the corresponding level as the noble classes and there would have been the obvious social climb and striving for further power Chaucers audience would have belike observed amongst Franklins. We see how the Franklin is striving for a better position for his own family incorporating the convention of the social climb and the realism of his family life.I have a sone, and by the Trinitee,I had levere than twenty pound worth londThough it right now were f eachen in myn hond,He were a man of swich discreciounAs that ye been.Through former(a) more specific attributes of the Franklin realism is conveyed such as the outstanding generosity and hospitality of the man and his wide learning and travelling.Chaucer further combines realism and convention in the tale the Franklin tells. At first it appears a very conventional unoriginal tale of courtly love, stolen from a Breton Lay, such was the style at the tim e to bring back your own twist on an existing story rather than make your own. It is full of stereotypical images youd expect from a courtly love story. With the consideration of a lady and a knight in the garden and then the characters themselves starting off as being solely types of the knight, lady and squire and how these characters all stay within their roles. The knight leaves the lady to go on a quest.

Jesus Christ and The Misfit in Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man Is Hard t

Jesus Christ and The Misfit in Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to FindIn Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to Find, there are many Christian motifs make throughout the story, but the one that I found most interesting is the fact that OConnor is apparently drawing parallels between The Misfit and Jesus Christ. Initially it seems like there is no way that this could actually be true- what could the Son of God who sacrificed Himself for the good of humanity have in common with a thief and a robber who escapes from jail and kills a family of six in cold blood? Upon closer examination, we can see that they are more similar than one might initially think. The first insight we may be able to draw is on the subject of names. The Misfit is a term that could easily be applied to Christ. In His time, Christ was an outcast, a rebel, and a man who did non fit the norms of the society in which He lived. He worked on the day of rest, He befriended tax collectors and prostitutes, and He dr ove the moneychangers out of the Temple in Jerusalem. (Mark 3, Matthew 9, Matthew 21). T...

The Scottsboro Trials Essay -- Racial Relations, Segregation

March 25, 1931, nine men hopped on to a freight train of no return (Uschan 10). Unjust, prejudice, and racist the Scottsboro Trials, were emphatically not just another ordinary case. The Scottsboro Trials changed how America viewed segregation. The nine young men, who hopped onto that train that day, were innocent and harmless. The Scottsboro Trials revealed the unjust treatment that Afri give the axe Americans faced outside of the Harlem reincarnation and changed views on segregation. Boarding the train from Chattanooga to Memphis seems like an innocent thing to do (UMKC par. 2). For the Scottsboro boys, boarding that train was one of the pommel things they could have done. Two xii snow-clads and black road the train that day, and within the first 2 hours a fist fight broke out between the two races. The blacks won the fight, and the white men were thrown off the train and ran to the station master and reported that they had been assaulted by a gang of blacks on the train. Ala bama stopped the train and loads of men showed up and surrounded the train with guns in their hands. They took the nine African Americans aboard the train and put them into the Scottsboro jail (UMKC par. 2-5).Two other people were on the train at that time too. Victoria Price and Ruby Bates were found on the train unexpectedly while the search men were looking for either more black citizens. The women identified themselves and then Ruby Bates told the search men Weve been reaved. All those colored boys raped us.(Uschan 14).This caused an uproar throughout America not because rape was a horrible crime, but because back then a white woman having sexual relations with a black man was considered one of the worst things a person could do. The act was considered so terr... ... thing of the past. Racism is a very harsh and dangerous thing to participate in. Being racist can cause a persons life to be in danger and it can ruin their life too. Helping African Americans understand that these racist people are sick and will be punished is just one way we can help the fight against racism.And so, the Scottsboro Trials ended up world victorious. It changed how America felt about discrimination and segregation and opened up many opportunities for blacks. America has changed as a whole because of the Scottsboro Trials and racism is slowly fading away. Segregation has caused many hardships throughout history and finally, it ended partially because of the Scottsboro Trials. Soon, America will be a place where it is as if seclusion against African Americans never existed. African Americans are one of us and together we are America.

Israel Vibration :: Music

Dont fight gainst the Rastaman with him culture music, cause the Rastaman no mean no harm, what the Rastaman desire to do is calm the storm Albert Apple Gabirel CraigIsrael Vibration is one of the greatest triumphs to come out of the Jamaican reggae scene. Those familiar with the band feel the warmth of lore and appreciation when the name comes up in a discussion of reggae music. That warmth and feeling is amplified for anyone who has heard or seen this special trio of singers perform their unique and healthy act in a live performance. For two decades the positive vibrations have been keeping us dancing and feeling the emotions of their spiritual message. Like many another(prenominal) reggae stars of Jamaica, Israel Vibration feel that God has given them the gift of song for the purpose of conveying the message of Rastafari to the plurality. These three work force make musical magic that blends unitedly traditional roots reggae with raw human emotion and a strong spiritual mes sage. I am especially found of the music and story of Israel Vibration. I plan to discuss a biography and discography of Israel Vibes. Then I will try to describe what Israel Vibrations music means to me, both live and recorded.The three men Albert Criag, Cecil Spence, and Lacelle Bulgin were all born in economically deprived areas of Jamaica during the late 1940s early 1950s. This was a terrible time in Jamaica due to the horrific poliomyelitis epidemic that swept though the cities and rural towns. Polio claimed the lives of thousands of people and crippled many others. Each of the three men fell victim to Poliomyelitis at a very young age. Most Polio infections occur from a source of contaminated drinking water. The virus enters the body through the intestine where it then multiplies. It spreads into the bloodstream where it eventually infects the nervous system and destroys motor neurons that control muscle movement. The virus only paralyzes 1% of its victims but unfortunately all three singers where in that 1 percentile. Albert Apple Craig was the youngest son in a family of ten children. He was the apple of his fathers eye so they called him Apple. One of the major inspirations in Apples life was his mother. She was a spiritual healer and told him that one day he will be a great leader in the world and millions of people will follow behind him.

A Man For All Seasons Essay examples -- essays research papers

In the play A Man For All Seasons, the main character is Sir doubting Thomas more than. Sir Thomas is the Chancellor of England and a genuinely religious man. Once, during a conversation with Wolsey (Chancellor at the time) about the fagot needing a son, Wolsey asks if Sir Thomas would like to govern the whole country by prayer and Sir Thomas assures. This shows how strong his faith was. Sir Thomas is a friend of King Henry VIII, but when he disagreed with the Kings opinion on marriage, he was beheaded. King Henry was matrimonial to Catherine of Argon, the daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. Catherine was Henrys brothers widow. King Henry and Catherine were married for State reasons, but although Catherine was pregnant many times, single one child survivedPrincess Mary. King Henry needed an heir to his throne, so he wanted a son. He thought Catherine could never get him a son, because she had already failed so many times, so he wanted to adopt a child with Anne Boyle n, but he couldnt because he was already married to Catherine. Therefore, he wanted the Pope to divorce him and Catherine also, for State reasons. When Sir Thomas didnt agree with the divorce, many people turned away from him. His wife, Lady Alice, begged Sir Thomas to agree with the King, comely to make life simpler, but Thomas refused. He believed the he wouldnt go to Heaven if his conscience was not clear, and his conscience told him not to just tell the King what he wanted to hear, but to tell the King the truth. This is just a basic overview of what happened in A Man for All Seasons. In Act I Scene 1, the book introduces you to some of its main characters. Sir Thomas and Master Richard Rich are first to be introduced. Rich is offered a project as a school teacher, but he wants to be in office. Sir Thomas gives Rich a silver cup that was given to him as a bribe by a woman who put a lawsuit into the Court of Requests. After giving Rich the cup, Sir Thomas tells Rich of all the temptations you have when you are in officemoney, manors, villages, mills, etc. Then enter the Duke of Norfolk and Lady Alice, Sir Thomass wife, and Margaret More, Sir Thomass daughter. The Duke of Norfolk, who is Earl Marshall of England, is in his late 40s, a sportsman, a soldier, and a massive nobleman. Lady Alice is in her late 40s, born into merchants class, but now a great lady. Margaret is in her middle 20s, beautiful ... ...he last time she sees her husband, and she forgives him. In Scene 8, More is at the Hall of Westminster to answer charges of naughty Treason. They say that More denied King Henry the title of Supreme Head of the Church in England. Sir Thomas never denied this, but since he refused the oath, they assume that he is denying the King his title. This is considered High Treason, and punished by death. Sir Thomas basically gets no trialhe is guilty no matter what he says, unless he signs the Act and takes the oath. The jury doesnt even retire to think of the judgement. They pronounce Sir Thomas guilty. More asks if he can say something before he is put to death. They grant him this, and he says that he is the Kings true subject and has always been loyal to him. Scene 9 is the closing scene of the play. In it, Sir Thomas is to be beheaded. Margaret is there, and she is deeply grieved. Her incur tells her that death comes to everyone, and it is the course of nature and the will of God. Sir Thomas tells the Headsman to send him to God, and not to be afraid of his office, and the Headsman beheads him, and says Beholdthe head of a traitor. This is what happened in A Man for All Seasons.

A Man For All Seasons Essay examples -- essays research papers

In the play A Man For All Seasons, the main character is Sir doubting doubting doubting Thomas More. Sir Thomas is the Chancellor of England and a very religious man. Once, during a conversation with Wolsey (Chancellor at the time) about the King needing a son, Wolsey asks if Sir Thomas would like to govern the whole region by prayer and Sir Thomas agrees. This shows how strong his faith was. Sir Thomas is a friend of King Henry VIII, besides when he disagreed with the Kings spirit on marriage, he was beheaded. King Henry was married to Catherine of Argon, the daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. Catherine was Henrys brothers widow. King Henry and Catherine were married for State reasons, besides although Catherine was pregnant many times, only one child survivedPrincess Mary. King Henry needed an heir to his throne, so he wanted a son. He apprehension Catherine could never get him a son, because she had already failed so many times, so he wanted to have a child with An ne Boylen, but he couldnt because he was already married to Catherine. Therefore, he wanted the Pope to divorce him and Catherine also, for State reasons. When Sir Thomas didnt agree with the divorce, many people turned aside from him. His wife, Lady Alice, begged Sir Thomas to agree with the King, just to make life simpler, but Thomas refused. He believed the he wouldnt go to Heaven if his conscience was not clear, and his conscience told him not to just tell the King what he wanted to hear, but to tell the King the truth. This is just a basic overview of what happened in A Man for All Seasons. In Act I Scene 1, the book introduces you to some of its main characters. Sir Thomas and Master Richard Rich are first to be introduced. Rich is offered a job as a school teacher, but he wants to be in office. Sir Thomas gives Rich a silver cupful that was given to him as a bribe by a woman who prepare a lawsuit into the Court of Requests. After giving Rich the cup, Sir Thomas tells Rich of all the temptations you have when you are in officemoney, manors, villages, mills, etc. Then enter the Duke of Norfolk and Lady Alice, Sir Thomass wife, and Margaret More, Sir Thomass daughter. The Duke of Norfolk, who is Earl marshall of England, is in his late 40s, a sportsman, a soldier, and a great nobleman. Lady Alice is in her late 40s, born into merchants class, but now a great lady. Margaret is in her middle 20s, beautiful ... ...he last time she sees her husband, and she forgives him. In Scene 8, More is at the Hall of Westminster to conclude charges of High Treason. They say that More denied King Henry the title of Supreme Head of the Church in England. Sir Thomas never denied this, but since he refused the oath, they put one across that he is denying the King his title. This is considered High Treason, and punished by death. Sir Thomas basically gets no trialhe is guilty no matter what he says, unless he signs the Act and takes the oath. The jury doesnt even retire to think of the judgement. They pronounce Sir Thomas guilty. More asks if he can say something before he is put to death. They grant him this, and he says that he is the Kings true subject and has always been loyal to him. Scene 9 is the closing scene of the play. In it, Sir Thomas is to be beheaded. Margaret is there, and she is deeply grieved. Her father tells her that death comes to everyone, and it is the course of nature and the will of God. Sir Thomas tells the Headsman to send him to God, and not to be afraid of his office, and the Headsman beheads him, and says descrythe head of a traitor. This is what happened in A Man for All Seasons.

Night World : Spellbinder Chapter 5

What? Thea said. This was something she could speak break ab come to the fore. Blaise, argon you out of your mind?I hope youre not saying you dont want to do bewitchments, Blaise said dangerously. Thats interpreter of it, you cut.Im saying theres no way we can get enough blood to fill this without them noticing. What are we going to tell them? I and want a little to remember you by?Use your ingenuity, Vivienne said musically, twining a red-gold strand of hair roughly her fingers.In a pinch we could always use the instill of Lethe, Blaise added calmly. accordingly no matter what we do, they wont remember.Thea nearly fell over. What Blaise was suggesting was like using a nuclear bomb to swat a fly. You are crazy, she said quietly. You know that maidensarent allowed to use that kind of spell, and we probably wont fifty-fifty be able to use it when were mothers, and probably not in time when were cr cardinals. Thats stuff for the elders. She stared at Blaise until the gray eyes dropped.I dont believe in classifying some spells as forbidden, Blaise said loftily, scarce she didnt look back at Thea and she didnt pursue the subject.As she and Dani left-hand(a) the patio, Thea noticed that Dani had taken unity of the small vials.Are you going to the trip the light fantastic toe?I guess so. Dani shrugged lithe shoulders. John Finkelstein from our world lit class asked me a couple weeks ago. Ive never been to matchless of their dances before-but maybe this is the time to start.Now what did that mean? Thea felt un blue-blooded. And youre planning to plant a spell on him?You mean this? She twisted the vial in her fingers. I dont know. I figured Id take it just in case. She looked up at Thea defensively. You took single for Eric.Thea hesitated. She hadnt talked to Dani about Eric yet. Part of her wanted to and part of her was scared. What did Dani really look of Outsiders, anyway?After all, Dani said, her sweet face tranquil, theyre only humankinds.Saturda y night Thea took a dress out of the closet. It was pale green-so pale that it almost looked white-and designed along Grecian lines. Witch clothes had to feel good as well as look good, and this dress was soft and lightweight, swirling beautifully when she turned.Blaise wasnt wearing a dress. She was wearing a tuxedo. It had a red silk bow tie and cummerbund and it looked fantastic on her.This is probably going to be the only dance in history where the most public girl has on cufflinks, Thea thought.Eric arrived right on time. He knocked at the front verge of the shop, the door that only Outsiders used. Night People came around back, to a door that was unmarked except for what looked like a bit of graffiti-a spray-painted black dahlia.Okay, Thea thought. She took a deep breath before she unlocked the door and let him in.This is business, business, business. hardly the first moment wasnt as awkward as shed feared. He smiled and held out a corsage of white orchids. She smiled and t ook it. Then she said, You look nice.His suit was pale die brown, loose and comfortable looking. Me? You look nice. I mean-you look wonderful. That color makes your hair look just like gold. Then he glanced down at himself apologetically. I dont go to many dances, Im afraid.Dont you? Shed heard girls talking about him at school. It bring inmed as if everyone liked him, wanted to get close to him.No, Im usually pretty busy. You know, working, playing sports. He added more softly, And I shake up a hard time thinking of things to say around girls.Funny, you never seem to have a enigma around me, Thea thought. She saw him looking the shop over.Its my grandmothers store. She sells all kinds of things here, from all around the world. She watched him closely. This was an important test. If he-a human-believed in this stuff, he was either a New Age geek or dangerously close to the truth.Its cool, he said, and she was happy to see that he was lying. I mean, he said, obviously struggling to find a polite way to kudos the voodoo dolls and wand crystals, I think people can really affect their bodies by changing their state of mind.You dont know how right you are, Thea thought.There was a clack of high heels on wood, and Blaise came down the stairs. Her shoes appeared first, then her fitted trouser legs, then all the curves, emphasized here and there with brilliant red silk. in the long run came her shoulders and head, her midnight hair half up and half down, framing her face in stormy dark curls.Thea glanced sideways at Eric.He was smiling at Blaise, but not in the goofy, dying-sheep way other guys smiled. His was just a genuine grin.Hi, Blaise, he said. Going to the dance? We can take you if you need a lift.Blaise halt dead. Then she gave him a blistering glare. Thank you, I have my own date. Im just going to pick him up now.On the way to the door, she looked hard at Thea. You do have everything you need for tonight- dont you?The vial was in Theas pale green clutc h purse. Thea still didnt know how she could possibly get it filled, but she nodded tightly.Good. Blaise swept out and got into a silver-gray Porsche that was parked at the curb. Kevins car. But, as Thea knew, she wasnt going to pick up Kevin.I think I made her mad, Eric said.Dont worry. Blaise likes being mad. Should we go now?Business, business, business, Thea intone to herself as they walked into the school cafeteria. It had been completely transformed from its daytime identity. The lights and music were oddly thrilling and the whirl of color out on the dance floor was peculiarly inviting.Im not here to have fun, Thea told herself again. But her blood seemed to be sparkling. She saw Eric glance at her conspiratorially and she could almost feel what he was feeling-as if they were two kids stand up egest in hand at the strand of some incredible carnival.Uh, I should tell you, Eric said. I cant really dance-except for slow ones.Oh, great. But of course this was what she was her e to do. To put on a show of romancing Eric for Blaise.A slow song was starting that minute. Thea shut her eyes briefly and resigned herself to fate-which didnt seem all that awful as she and Eric stepped out onto the floor.Terpsichore, Muse of the Dance, help me not make a fool of myself. Shed never been so close to a human boy, and shed never tried to dance to human music. But Eric didnt seem to notice her lack of experience.You know, I cant believe this, he said. His arms were around her lightly, almost reverently. As if he were afraid shed break if he held her too hard.What cant you believe?Well He shook his head. Everything, I guess. That Im here with you. And that it all feels so easy. And that you always smell so good.Thea laughed in spite of herself. I didnt use any yemonja this time- she began, and then she almost bit her tongue. Adrenaline washed over her in a wave of painful tingles.Was she crazy? She was blurting out spell ingredients, for Earths sake. He was too easy to talk to, that was the problem. Every so often shed forget he wasnt a witch.You okay? he said as her concealment stretched on. His voice was concerned.No, I am not okay. Ive got Blaise on one side and the laws of the Night World on the other, and theyre both out to get me. And I dont even know if youre worth it.Can I ask you something? she said abruptly. Why did you knock me out of the way of that snake?Huh? It was in a striking coil. You could have got bit.But so could you. So did you.He frowned as if stricken by one of those unsolvable mysteries of life. Yeah but that didnt seem so bad somehow. I suppose that sounds stupid.Thea didnt know how to answer. And she was suddenly in terrible conflict about what to do. Her body seemed to want her to lean her head against Erics shoulder, but her mind was yelling in alarm at the very thought.At that moment she heard loud voices at the edge of the dance floor.Get out of the way, a guy in a blue jacket was saying. She smiled at me, and Im g oing over there.It was me she was smiling at, you jerk, a guy in a gray jacket snapped back. So just back off and let me go.Expletives. It was me, and youd better get out of the way. More expletives. It was me, and youd better let go.A fistfight started. Chaperones came running.Guess whos here? Thea asked herself. She had no release at all locating Blaise. The red-trimmed tuxedo was surrounded by a ring of guys, which was surrounded by a ring of abandoned and angry girls. peradventure we should go over and say hi, Thea said. She wanted to warn Blaise about starting a riot.Okay. She sure is popular, isnt she?They managed to worm their way through the encircling crowd. Blaise was in her element, glorying in the adulation and confusion.I waited for an hour and a half, but you never showed up, a very pale Kevin was saying to her. He was wearing an immaculate white silk enclothe and exquisitely tailored black pants. His eyes were hollow.Maybe you gave me the aggrieve address, Blaise s aid thoughtfully. I couldnt find your house. She had her hand tucked into the arm of a very overblown guy with shoulder-length blond hair, who looked as if he worked out four or five hours a day. Anyway, you want to dance?Kevin looked at the blond guy, who looked back impassively, his cracking chin rock hard.Dont mind Sergio, Blaise said. He was just celebrateing me company. Do you not want to dance?Kevins eyes fell. Well, yeah, of course I want to.As Blaise detached herself from Sergio, Thea leaned forward. Youd better not do anything too public, she hissed in her cousins ear. Theres already been one fight.Blaise just gave her an amused glance and took Kevins arm. Most of the boys followed her, and with the crowd gone, Thea saw Dani at a small table. She was wearing a sparkling gold dress and she was alone.Lets go sit, Eric said, before Thea could even get a word out. She threw him a delightful look.Wheres John? Thea asked as they pulled chairs to the table.Dani nodded toward t he pack following Blaise.I dont mind, though, she said, sipping a cup of punch philosophically. He was kind of boring. I dont know about all this dance stuff.Thea knew she meant it was different from Circledances, where everyone was in harmony and there was no pairing off. You danced with the elements and with everybody else, all one big interconnected whole.Eric volunteered to get more punch.Hows it going with him? Dani asked in a low voice when he was gone. Her velvety dark eyes searched Theas curiously.Everythings okay so far, Thea said evasively. Then she looked out toward the dance floor. I see Viv and genus Selene are here.Yeah. I think Vivienne already got her blood. She stabbed Tyrone with her corsage pin.How clever, Thea said. Vivienne was wearing a black dress that made her hair look like flame, and Selene was in deep violet that showed off her blondness. They both seemed to be having a wonderful time.Dani yawned. I think Ill probably go home early- she began, and then she stony-broke off.Some kind of a disturbance had begun on the other side of the room, in front of the main entrance. People were scuffling. At first, Thea thought it was just another(prenominal) minor fracas over Blaise-but then a figure came staggering out under the lights of the dance floor.I want to know, the voice said in dissonant tones that rose over the music. I want to knoooow.The band stopped. People turned. Something about the voice made them do that. It was so obviously abnormal, the cadence wrong even for somebody who was drunk. This was someone who was disturbed.Thea stood up.I want to knoooow, the figure said again, sounding lost and petulant. Then it turned and Thea felt ice down her spine.The person was wearing a Halloween mask.A kids plastic mask of a football player, the kind held on with an elastic string. Perfectly appropriate for a Halloween dance. But at Homecoming, it was grotesque.Oh, Eileithyia, Thea thought.Can you tell me? the figure asked a short girl in black ruffles. She backed away, reaching for her dance partner.Mr. Adkins, Theas physics teacher, came jogging up, his tie fluttering. no(prenominal) of the other chaperones seemed to be around-probably because they were out somewhere trying to control fights over Blaise, Thea thought.Okay, lets settle settle, Mr. Adkins said, making motions as if the figure were an unruly class. Lets just take it easy.The guy in the Halloween mask pulled something out of his jacket. It glinted like a rainbow under the colored dance floor lights, reflective as a mirror.A now razor, Dani said in a hushed voice. Queen Ms, whered he get that?Something about the weapon-maybe the fact that it was so weird, so old-fashioned-made it scarier than a knife. Thea pictured the way even a safety razor could slice flesh.Mr. Adkins was backing away, arms held out as if to protect the students behind him. His eyes were frightened.I have to stop this, Thea thought. The problem was that she had no idea how. If it had been an animal, she could have stepped out and tried mind control. But she couldnt control a person.She started walking anyway, slowly, so as not to attract attention. She skirted the edge of the crowd around the dance floor until she drew parallel with the masked guy.Who by now had switched to a new question. squander you seen her? he said. He unbroken asking it as he walked, and people kept backing away. Vivienne and Selene drew to either side with their dates. The razor glittered.Thea looked toward the opposite end of the dance floor, where Blaise was standing with Kevin Imamura.With no Buck, no Duane to protect her. But Blaise didnt look frightened. That was one thing about Blaise-she had magnificent physical courage. She was standing with one hand on her pelvic girdle and Thea could tell that she knew exactly who was coming her way.In between moving couples, Thea glimpsed something else. Eric was on the other side of the dance floor, holding two cups of punch in one hand and one in the other. He was keeping pace with the masked guy, just as she was.She tried to catch his eye, but the crowd was too thick.Have you seen her? the masked guy asked a couple right in front of Blaise. I want to knoooow.The couple split like bowling pins. Blaise stood exposed, tall and deluxe in her black suit, lights shimmering off her midnight hair.Here I am, Randy, she said. What is it you want to know?Randy Marik stopped, panting. His breath made a muffled noise against the plastic. The rest of the ample room was eerily silent.Thea moved closer, walking silently. Eric was pulling in from the other side, and he saw her for the first time. He shook his head at her and mouthed, stand by away.Yeah. And youre going to tackle him armed with three party cups of punch. She gave him a look and mouthed, You stay away.Randys hand was trembling, making the razor flash. His chest was heaving.What is it, Randy? Blaise said. The toe of one high heeled shoe tapped the floor impatien tly.I feel bad, Randy said. It was almost a moan. Suddenly his head didnt seem well connected to his neck. I scarper you.His voice made Theas flesh creep. He sounded like a person with the body of an eighteen-year-old and the mind of a four-year-old.I cry all the time, he said.With his left hand, he pulled off the Halloween mask. Kevin recoiled. Thea herself felt a wave of horror.He was crying blood. Bloody streams ran down from each of his eyes, mingling with regular tears.A spell? Thea wondered. Then she thought, no hes cut himself.That was it. Hed made two crescent-shaped incisions under his eyes and the blood was coming from them.The rest of his face was ghastly, too. He was white as a corpse and there was fuzzy stubble on his chin. His eyes stared wildly. And his hair, which had always been strawberry blond and silky, stood up all over his head like non-white hay.You came all the way from New Hampshire to tell me that? Blaise said. She rolled her eyes.Randy let out a sobbing breath.This seemed to make Kevin braver. Look, man, I dont know who you are-but youd better keep away from her, he said. Why dont you go home and sober up?It was a mistake. The wild eyes above the bloodstained cheeks focused on him.Who are you? Randy said thickly, advancing a step. Who are you?Kevin, move Thea said urgently.It was too late. The hand with the razor flashed out, lightning quick. Blood spurted from Kevins face.

Mysterious Story Essay

It was a sunny Satur daylight morning, my first time hiking and we were on the road to the Drakensberg mountains. My dad, Lanny, was thrust us and I was lying on the back seat listening to music. Oh yes and my subatomic brother Ross was in the passenger seat speaking to my dad, asking him nearly hiking. When we had arrived at 1100 am we were booking in at one of the hotels close to our hiking trails starting point. We were un-packing and ready to get some sleep for the big day ahead of us. Waking up at the crack of dawn was hard but we were able to do it and made snacks for the hike up. At 600am we were ready to hike and at the trail. As we started it seemed easy but continued to get harder. My younger brother Ross was struggling up the mountain and asked me to carry his bag for him.I had a strange thought I should be nice to him because if something had to happen to him I wouldnt like it if the last thing I said was nasty. We had been hiking for just everywhere an hour when we d ecided to stop for a break and brunch. My brother was in need of the toilet. We told him to just go behind the bush. I heard a move up in the bushes around us and a cold shiver ran through me. HELP We ran to the bush he was behind. Looking around we apothegm marks and footprints on the ground. We followed them down the bank. Running as fast as we could, we saw the huge creature. It turned around, we dived behind a shrub, I dont think it saw us. Jumping up again, we were out of breath but continued chasing.The creature was very big with white fur, bigger than a gorilla or a bear. We were determined to find him and as we approached the village that these Sasquatch type beasts were using, we peeped over the fences made of steaks and vines, we were sure Ross was in spectacular danger. When looking over the walls we saw many of the Sasquatches and searched for little Ross among the crowd of beasts. We had made up our minds, we were going in. After we essay to get his attention severa l times we noticed he was in such great shock that he didnt recognize us. Hiding behind each tavern and bush. Jumping and rolling from bush to bush. Then BangThere the proficient of something landing behind us. We turned around and saw its giant feet then ran. But we were no match for them, they surrounded us. My dad said, just be unagitated well be fine. They tied us up and put us each in separate taverns. I saw my back pack and tried to get the Swiss army knife out, but the primitive Sasquatch saw me and couldnt understand what I was doing so he locked me up in polished dark room. They took off my ropes and confiscated my bag. They left me in this room with only the belongings in my pockets and my clothes. I wrote this message on my cell phone and sent it to everyone I know. Please try save us

Deception in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes

prank in the Investigative, Interrogative, and testimony Processes Lisa Moore University of Phoenix Ethics in Justice and Security CJA 530 environ 23, 2010 Roger Long J. D. Deception in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes The term deception direction the deliberate act of misleading an individual some may refer to deception as little white lies. Deception has long been hire in the criminal justice area by officers in the detecting process of criminal cases, and is one of the most comm plainly used tools in the investigative process.Investigators use deception in the detecting process. This involves misleading criminals during the investigative and interrogative stages, to gather enough information about the crime that unaccompanied the rummy would know to arrest the suspect, and then present the case to the court. thither are three stages of deception, the investigation, then interrogation, and finally the testimonial. Hard and fast rules limiting juris prudence bearing may challenge common intellect, while the absence of such rules may invite arbitrary and abusive conduct.This paper discusses one of the most disturbing and difficult suspicions pertaining to the ideal of legality To what extent, if at all, is it proper for law enforcement officials to employ trickery and deceit as part of their law enforcement practices (White, 1979)? Whatever the answer to that question if, indeed, an answer be formulated it has to be measured against a hard reality of the criminal justice system. That reality is Deception is considered by policeand courts as wellto be as natural to detecting as pouncing is to a cat (Skolnick, 1975).Deception is generally allowed during the investigative stage of detection, as it is to the courts alone is slight tolerated during interrogation and rarely suitable or accepted during court proceedings. Here, police are permitted by the courts to engage in trickery and deception and are accomplished to do so by the police organization. The line in the midst of acceptable and unacceptable deception is the line between so-called entrapment and acceptable police conduct (Chevigny, 1969). Within an adversary system of criminal justice, governed by due process rules for obtaining evidence, officers will deceive suspect to get the truth.The contradiction may be surprising, but it may be inevitable in an adversary system of justice where police perceive procedural due process norms and legal requirements as contradictory obstacles to truth for the commission of crime (Skolnick, 1982). Deceptive interrogation strategies present intriguing ethical questions. While brutal or some otherwise physically coercive means are no longer commonly used by police officers to obtain confessions, officers regularly use deception as an interrogation strategy.During interrogations officers will use psychological persuasion and manipulation. Officers are authorized to trick and lie to get a so called voluntary confession. The use of deception in interrogation is a simple routine in almost every law enforcement agency and it remains routine because it is effective When the suspect is talking with police, deception frequently breaks the suspect down and elicits confession (Obenberger, 1998). Although these tactics have been criticized by the United States Supreme Court (Miranda v.Arizona) nevertheless the Supreme Court has never squarely banned the practice, and it sometimes justifies deceptive practices under the name strategic deception. Miranda forbids coercion in inquisitive a suspect it does not bar (Obenberger, 1998) mere strategic deception by taking advantage of a suspects misplaced trust in one he supposes to be a fellow inmate. To better understand how deception whole works here is an example A burglary is being investigated at a local instal. During an interview of the suspect, he is told that there is a video recording of him inside of the store taking a car stereo and shovin g it into his pants.The suspect tells the investigator that not only did he make it out of the store with the stereo he similarly tells him that he entered the store with the intent to take it in the first place making the crime felony. What the investigator did not tell the suspect was that the video only showed him concealing the stereo and nothing else (Obenberger, 2008). Testimonials during court hearings are performed under oath, hence the statements of an individual being examined are assumed to be true and no other statement should be falsified or forged.When the officer does not pronounce the truth in court, he or she is still capable of providing a reason for his deception, ground on a substitute arrangement, such as when he or she is operating as a witness to the prosecution and is not considered as the suspect in a court case. However, it is also required that the officer is conscious of the rules of the court system that he or she has sworn to tell the truth during in quiry (Chevigny , 1969). It is difficult to prove a causal relationship between permissible investigative and interrogatory deception and testimonial deception.Police freely admit to deceiving suspects and defendants. They do not admit to perjury, much less to the rationalization of perjury. There is evidence, however of the acceptability of perjury as a means to the end of conviction. The evidence is curb and fragmentary and is certainly not dispositive (Skolnick, 1982). Deception is nothing more than planting a seed and letting the suspect fill in the blanks. The most chief(prenominal) part of using this technique is that in using it, you do not elicit a confession from an innocent person.One of the greatest examples of deception is Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U. S. 291(1980). In January of 1975, a taxi device driver was shot and carry offed by a shotgun blast at the base of his head. One week later, another taxi driver reported that a man wielding a shotgun had robbed him. Po lice prepared a photo lineup of the possible suspect and the second taxi driver identified him. A patrol officer located the suspect later in the morning. Minutes later, a Sergeant arrived at the scene of the arrest and realise the suspect his rights per Miranda.The suspect invoked his rights by saying I want to speak with a lawyer (Obenberger, 2008). The sergeant detailed three officers to transport the suspect to the rudimentary station. After leaving the scene, the officers started talking amongst themselves about being worried that the missing shotgun was in the vicinity of a school for handicapped children and that they should continue to search for the weapon. It was also said by one of the officers, It would be too bad if a little girl would pick up the gun and maybe kill herself. The suspect told the officers that they should turn the car around and he would show them where the gun was. When they arrived back at the scene, the sergeant again advised the suspect of his rig hts per Miranda. The suspect showed the officers where the shotgun was (Mike, 2008). There was a hearing in order to suppress the shotgun. The suspects attorney said that because the officers were talking in the presence of the suspect, and that he was in custody, the officers conversation amounted to an interrogation.The court gear up that it was not an interrogation and the shotgun was allowed. The suspect was subsequently convicted of murder and the case was appealed. The Supreme Court found that the suspect was not interrogated within the meaning of Miranda. It was undisputed that the first prong of the definition of interrogation was not satisfied, for the conversation between the patrolmen included no express questioning of the suspect. Rather, the conversation was, at least in form, nothing more than a dialogue between the officers to which no response from the suspect was invited.This matter could have been argued both way. Some would say that the conversation between the officers was intended to reach into the conscience of the suspect in order to get him to tell where the weapon was (Obenberger, 2008). Deception is incredibly effective on the criminal because this form of interview can actually reach into the conscience of a suspect because they still have a sense of what is right and wrong. This method also allows the investigator to uncover the motivation behind the crime.The courts, while not necessarily supporting deception, do not inhibit it either. It is a very valuable tool (Mike, 2008). The negative side of deception is that when pitted against a suspect who isnt responding, the investigator might be inclined to go further and further with the method until such a point when getting the confession or evidence becomes more important than how it is obtained. Again, thats where the line between legality and illegality exists. The most important aspect of using deception in an interview or interrogation is to be honest on the witness stand.Ther e is nothing wrong with deception during an interview of a suspect but when it comes to testifying in court, tell the truth (Mike, 2008). References Chevigny, Paul (1969) Police Power New York Pantheon p. 139 Retrieved exhibit 21, 2010 Mike (2008)Simply A Night OwlRetrieved March 21, 2010 from http//stillanightowl. wordpress. com Obenberger, J. D. (1998) Police Deception The Law and the Skin Trade in the Windy City Retrieved March 21, 2010 from http//www. madmuse. comObenberger, J. D. (2008) Deception in the Investigation of Crime- Deception Retrieved March 21, 201 Skolnick, Jerome (1975) Justice without Trial 2nd ed. New York Wiley & Sons, p. 177 Retrieved March 21, 2010 Skolnick, J. (1982,Summer/Fall) Deception by Police flagitious Justice Ethics, Vol. 1 (No. 2) Retrieved March 21, 2010 from http//www. lib. jjay. cuny. edu White, Welsh S. (1979) Police Trickery in Inducing Confessions, U. Pa. L. Rev. 127 (1979) 581-629 Retrieved March 21, 2010

Pride and Prejudice †Letters to Alice Essay

The comparative degree study of Fay Weldons non fiction text Letters to Alice and Jane Austens frivolity of manners narrative Pride and Prejudice reveal connections between the authors in their desire to express their individualised determine and beliefs by the vehicle of their fictional characters. geographic expedition of connections such as the value of publications and the lives of women in different societies presented in the texts heighten our understanding of the composers contexts and the set they wish to convey through their writing.The dual-lane aspects of the form of both texts such as the use of letters and the fictitious framework of Weldons Letters To Alice provides a connection through which the readers give the axe prize the values Austen and Weldon seek to express. Austens comedy of manners explores her patriarchal, provincial 19th ascorbic acid English world which is satiric tout ensembley commented on by Weldon as she expresses her profess separate suc cess, displaying the changing nature of hunting lodge and the empowerment of women through her character Aunt Fay, a second wave feminist and a successful and independent writer.Moreover the character of Aunt Fay highlights the stark contrast between the modern world in which marriage becomes a focus of love and happiness as opposed to the 19th century necessity for pecuniary security which left women at the mercy of men. I am not romanticI take only a comfortable home I am convinced that my chance of happiness is as fair as most people can boast on entering the marriage state. Charlottes direct speech epitomizes the marriage of Charlotte Lucas and Mr.Collins, a marriage of necessity for pragmatic Charlotte who reflects the general emotion of young women and her desire for a financially secure, appropriate marriage, a trait which is condemned by Austen through Elizabeths disapproval and her branding of the marriage as short.Weldons narrative however appreciates Charlotte Lucas financial situation, despite the fact Aunt Fay and niece Alice are in no way required to marry, reflecting that to marry was a immense prize, the objectification of women and marriage through the oun prize displays Weldons understanding of the financial weight and importance marriage carried to young women like Charlotte. Weldon also comments on Mrs. Bennetts understanding of the situation facing her daughters, Mrs. Bennett, the only one with the slightest notion of the sheer desperation of the world, displaying to the reader that in fact Austen through Elizabeth presents an unconventional and surrealistic picture of a young womans liberty with marriage through her insistence of finding love before marriage.In a comparative the study of an older cute text and a contemporary appropriation the connections established between the texts enhance our understanding of values and attitudes in each society as well as the personal beliefs conveyed by the author. Through Weldons 20th centur y appropriation of Austens epistolary structure Aunt Fay highlights the values of Literature within 19th century English society and our contemporary world. Fay Weldon connects to Pride and Prejudice through her exploration of Austens rural English societies attitudes and her values toward education and literature.In so doing, her commentary on Austens gentrified society and the value of literature takes a 20th century perspective. My dear Alice, it was good to derive your letteryour doing a college course in English Literature (Specifically) and obliged to read Jane Austen and you find her boring. Weldons 1st person ironic register in the form of letters highlights Alices 20th century struggle to study the big L and reveals the novels connection with Austens narrative.Weldon expresses her own opinion on literature through the imagery in the extended metaphor of the City of Invention, which allows her to highlight her value of the literary cannon. This provides a vehicle through w hich Fay Weldon is able to express her own figures on the value of good literature which she expresses as a medium through which readers can admirelearn wonderment and explore. Moreover, Weldon fights that literature must and does remains integral through the use of the religious language in the rhyming couplet, only persistsall in all to thee expressing the importance of literature through sacred language.Her insistence on the enlightenment literature can provide through its stick out success and enjoyment contrasts with her view of Alices generations fixation with film and television, which in her opinion can never enlighten. Weldons opinion of the values of good literature are also reflected through Darcys condescending belief in a womans improvement of her mind by extensive development which makes her an accomplished woman and ready for marriage. Here the direct speech of Darcy displays the value of both literature and reading to regency period, gentrified society as well as the value this society placed on improve people, and women.Elizabeth Bennetts behavior and enjoyment of reading is contrasted against the superficial and hypocritical attitude of Miss Bingley whose attention was preferably as much engaged in watching Mr. Darcys progress through his book as in reading her own, displaying Austens enduring respect for education and reading and as well as the value her society placed on the educated. Austen enhances this attitude through the contrast of characters actions in her friendly commentary by painting those with an appreciation of literature in a positive and appropriate light whilst making out those who do not to be superficial and debase.Austen continues to convey her personal opinion of the institution of marriage through the study of various marriages in her novel Pride and Prejudice which gives an insight into the traits Austen valued in a successful marriage. Her portrayal of Lydia and Wickhams union as a match only brought together be cause their passions were stronger than their virtue, expresses her opinion on the quicksilver(a) nature of a marriage with no intellectual or deeper connection.This view is mirrored in the unequal marriage of both Mr. nd Mrs. Bennet and Charlotte Lucas to Mr. Collins, whose unions were base neither on intellect or love. Contrasting these unsuccessful marriages is the cheerful and lasting marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Gardner, and more poignantly the attitude of Elizabeth Bennett who could be neither happy nor respectable unless she esteemed her husband. Whilst Austen breaks conventions by focusing on love in marriage she maintains the importance of appropriate and eligible unions displaying her value of her 19th century values and manners.Dependency of women on men and family members and the constraints they faced from the stifling conventions and unquestioned values of their society, epitomized by the high modality, definite statements of Austen as the omniscient narrator. It is a right universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. This authorial intrusion and informative sarcasm mocks the very rituals and accepted values of this society which confined and limited women and presents Austens own attitudes toward these conventions.She shows her value of the educated and independent minded woman through Elizabeth Bennet and through herself as a single, successful female writer. Aunt Fay defends this crusading zeal of Austen by maintaining that her form of conveying her message through her novels has in fact become more meaningful in her belief that enlighten people and you enlighten society. She builds on these ideas of Austens novels changing the values and ideas of people and therefore societies toward women by presenting the character of Aunt Fay as the successful independent woman without the burden of the necessity of marriage for financial security.Aunt Fay suggests that women who are successful do n ot need to depend on men as they have done in the past, saying that advantage kicks away the stool of masochism, on which female existence so often depends, this enhances our understanding of the changes in society that have led to the liberation of women and enhances our understanding of the personal values Weldon and Austen hold toward the role of women.Through their novels and their own lives Fay Weldon and Jane Austen successfully express their own personal values and attitudes toward their societies. This desire to display their views and opinions connects the authors and highlights some of the key connections in their writing. Our understanding of these beliefs is heightened by an understanding of their contexts and an appreciation of the changes in society and the world.

Literary Elements in the Scarlet Ibis Essay

In The Scarlet Ibis, James Hurst uses the aspect of nature in the settings to reflect when the tone transposes from a sorrowful and unfit tone to a more hopeful and joyous tone. buddy reminisces of a summer that has long since passed, as he sits in the house he was embossed in It was in the clove of seasons, summer was dead, but autumn had not yet been born, that the ibis lit in the bleeding tree. The flower garden was strained with rotting brown magnolia petals andiron weeds grew rank amid the purple phlox.The last graveyard flowers were blooming, and their smell drifted across the cotton field and through every room of our house, language softly the names of our dead. With this, the author uses the natural scenery of a dying garden in the transition of seasons to set a tone of sadness. He illustrates a garden with rotting flowers, a graveyards last flowers blossoming and their smell being carried to where Brother is, reminding him of the dead.Hurst uses the natural elements i n the setting to paint a gloomy and dismal setting, he could have expressed what he saw and smelled from his garden in many ways, yet he chose to depict this garden dying. Furthermore, this was through with(p) to indicate the tone in this memory, which is one of sadness. Moreover, just as the author uses dying settings to reflect a sorrowful and dreary tone, he also uses ravishing settings to reflect a joyous and hopeful tone.Brother describes his and Doodles time shared in Old Women Swamp, a conduct he refers to as the only beauty he knows I would gather wildflowers, wild violets, honeysuckle, yellow jasmine, snakeflowers, and waterlilies, and with wire grass wed weave them into necklaces and crowns. Wed bedeck ourselves with our handiwork and fool about thus beautified, beyond the touch of the everyday world. Furthermore, Old Women Swamp is a place found beautiful to both Doodle and Brother, a place where they go to play and relax.Almost all of the joyous and hopeful times th at Doodle and Brother share happen in Old Women Swamp the frontmost time Doodle stood where they go to lay and tell stories, and where they imagine they will build a house and live in together. The author once over again uses the setting to reflect the tone Hurst uses the abundance of beauty found within Old Women Swamp to show the hope and joy Doddle and Brother sometimes shared. Furthermore, as Brother remembers these times he does so in a joyous and hopeful tone. To them Old women swamp signified beauty and a world of perennial possibilities.Moreover, all the scenes that fritter place in Old Women swamp are of happiness and hope, its portrayed as this beautiful place because thats the way Brother remembers it and that might be because of all the happy moments he shared there with Doodle. Brother remembers all of theses events with a hopeful and joyous tone and all take place in serene, beautiful, and beloved Old Women Swamp. In conclusion, the natural elements of the setting indicate the change in the tone from a sorrowful tone to a joyous tone.

The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 14

damonWhere were they? Elena watched the urine anxiously. If anything had happened to Meredith or Stefan, it was Elenas fault. She had convinced Stefan to let Meredith jump the fal s.His objections had been total y reasonable she could see that flat. Meredith had been marked for death. For Gods sake, Celia had almost been kil ed simply acquire off a train. What had Meredith been thinking, jumping off a cliff into water when she was in the same sort of peril? What had Elena been thinking of to let her? She should go through been by Stefans side, holding Meredith back. And Stefan. She knew he ought to be fine the rational part of her brain kept reminding her that Stefan was a vampire. He didnt even need to breathe. He could stay submerged for days. He was incredibly strong. precisely not so long ago, she had thought Stefan was g unmatched forever, stolen by the kitsune. Bad things could happen to him vampire or not. If she lost him now through her own stupid fault, through her own stubbornness and insistence that everyone pretend that life could be the way it used to be that they could have roughly simple fun without doom fol owing them Elena would lie down and die.Do you see anything? Bonnie asked, a tremble in her voice. Her freckles stood out in saturnine dots against her pale face, and her normal y exuberant red curls were plastered flat and dark against her head.No. Not from up here. Elena shot her a grim look, and forrader she even consciously made the decision, she dived into the pool.Underwater, Elenas vision was clouded by the froth and sand thrown up by the fal s, and she treaded water for a wink as she tried to peer approximately. She saw a patch of ugliness that looked like it might be human figures off near the middle of the pool and enamored out toward it. Thank God, Elena thought fervently. When she got closer, the darkness resolved itself into Meredith and Stefan. They seemed to be struggling against something in the water, Stefans f ace near Merediths legs, Merediths hands reaching desperately toward the surface. Her face was gamey from lack of oxygen, and her eyeball were wide with panic.Just as Elena came close to them, Stefan jerked sharply and Meredith shot upward. As if in slow motion, Elena saw Merediths arm swing toward her as Meredith rose. A sudden blow sent Elena shooting backward toward the rocks behind the fal s, the fal s pushing her deeper underwater as she passed under them.This is bad, she had upright enough meter to think, and then her head hit the rocks and everything went black. When Elena awoke, she found herself in her room at home, stil in her bathing suit. Sun shone through the window, exclusively Elena was wet and shivering with cold. wet trickled from her hair and bathing suit, droplets winding down her arms and legs and puddling on the carpet.She was unsurprised to see that Damon was there, looking as sleek and dark and poised as ever. Hed been peruse her bookshelf, as comfortab le as if he were in his own home, and he wheeled around to stare at her.Damon, she said weakly, confused but, as always, so happy to see him.Elena he said, appearing delighted for a moment, and then he frowned.No, he said sharply. Elena, wake up.Elena, wake up. The voice was frightened and desperate, and Elena fought the darkness that seemed to be holding her down and opened her eyes.Damon? she almost said, but bit the word back. Because of course it was Stefan who was gazing worriedly into her eyes, and even sweet, understanding Stefan might object to her cal ing him by his dead brothers name twice in one day.Stefan, she said, remembering. Is Meredith al right?Stefan wrapped her tightly in his arms. She wil be. Oh, God, Elena, he said. I thought I was leaving to lose you. I had to pul you to shore. I didnt know His voice trailed off, and he hugged her even closer to his chest. Elena did a quick self-inventory. She was sore. Her throat and lungs hurt, probably from breathing in wat er and coughing it out. There was sand al over her, coating her arms and bathing suit, and it was starting to itch. merely she was alive.Oh, Stefan, Elena said, and closed her eyes for a moment, resting her head against him. She was so cold and wet, and Stefan was so warm. She could hear his tinder beating beneath her ear. Slower than a humans, but there, steady and reassuring.When she opened her eyes again, Matt was kneeling adjacent to them. Are you okay? he asked her. When she nodded, he turned his gaze to Stefan. I should have jumped in, he said guiltily. I should have helped you save them. Everything seemed to happen so fast, and by the time I knew something was real y wrong, you were bringing them back out of the water.She sat up and touched Matts arm, feeling a warm drench of affection for him. He was so good, and he felt so responsible for al of them. Everyones fine, Matt, she said. Thats what matters.A few feet away, Alaric was inspecting Meredith as Bonnie hovered over them. Celia stood a footling farther away, her arms wrapped around herself as she watched Alaric and Meredith.When Alaric shifted away, Meredith caught Elenas eye. Her face was white with pain, but she managed to give her an apologetic smile.I didnt mean to hit you, she said. And Stefan, I should have listened to you, or just had more sense and stayed on shore. She grimaced. I think I might have sprained my ankle. Alarics going to drive me to the hospital so they substructure tape it up. What I want to know, Bonnie said, is whether this means its al over. I mean, Celias name appeared, and she was almost strangled in the train doors. And Merediths name appeared, and she almost drowned. They some(prenominal) got saved by Stefan, good job, Stefan so does that mean theyre safe now? We havent seen any more names.Elenas heart lightened with hope. scarcely Matt was shaking his head.Its not that easy, he said darkly. Its never that easy. Just because Meredith and Celia could be saved one time, it doesnt mean any(prenominal) it is isnt stil after them. And even though her name wasnt cal ed, Elena was in danger, too.Stefans arms were stil around Elena, but they felt hard and unyielding. When she glanced up at his face, his jaw was set and his green eyes ful of pain.Im afraid its not the end. Another name has appeared,he told them. Meredith, I dont think you could have seen it, but the plants you were tangled in spel ed it out against your legs. Everyone gasped. Elena clutched his arm, her stomach dropping. She looked at Matt, at Bonnie, at Stefan himself. Theyd never seemed more precious to her. Which one of the people who she loved was in danger?Wel , dont keep us in suspense, Meredith said wryly. Her color was better, Elena noted, and her voice sounded crisp and competent again, although she winced as Alaric touched her ankle gently. Whose name was it?Stefan hesitated. His eyes darted to Elena and then quickly away. He licked his lips in a nervous gesture shed never seen from him before. Taking a deep breath, he final y said, The name the plants spel ed out was Damon.Bonnie sat down with a thump, as though her legs had given way. But Damons dead, she said, her brown eyes wide.But for some reason the news didnt shock Elena to the core. Instead, a hard, bright feeling of hope flooded her. It would make sense. She had never believed someone like Damon could just be gone.Maybe hes not, she heard herself say, lost in thought as she recal ed the Damon in her dreams. When she had passed out under the water, she had seen him again, and he had told her to wake up. Was that dreamlike bearing? It could have been her subconscious warning her, she supposed doubtful y, but his name had appeared underwater.Could he be alive? He had died she had no doubt about that. But he was a vampire he had died before, and lived again. The Guardians had tried, they said, and they had said there was no way to bring Damon back. Was it a pointless hope? Was the eager beating of her heart at the thought that Damon might be alive just Elena fooling herself?Elena snapped back to the present to find her friends staring at her. There was a moment of complete silence, as if even the birds had stopped singing.Elena, Stefan said gently. We saw him die.Elena gazed into Stefans green eyes. Surely, if there was any reason to hope, he would feel it the same way she did. But his gaze was steady and sad. Stefan, she saw, had no doubt that Damon was dead. Her heart squeezed painful y.Whos Damon? Celia asked, but no one answered. Alaric was frowning. If Damons definitely dead, he said, if youre sure about that, then whatever is causing these accidents might be playing on your grief, trying to hit you where it hurts. Perhaps theres an emotional danger here that its trying to create as wel as a physical one.If spel ing out Damons name is meant to upset us, then its aiming at Stefan and Elena, Matt said. I mean, its no secret that Meredith and I didnt like him muc h. He cut through his arms defensively. Im sorry, Stefan, but its true.I respected Damon, said Meredith, especial y after he worked so hard with us in the Dark Dimension, but its true that his death didnt affect me the way it did Elena and Stefan. I have to agree with Matt.Elena glanced at Bonnie and noticed that her jaw was clenched and her eyes glistened with angry tears. As Elena watched, Bonnies bright eyes dul ed and lost focus, gazing off into the distance. She stiffened and turned her face up toward the top of the cliff.Shes having a vision, Elena said, jumping to her feet. Bonnie spoke in a voice flatter and rougher than her own.He wants you, Elena, she said. He wants you.Elena fol owed her gaze toward the cliff. For a wild moment, that hard, bright hope came bursting back into her chest again. She ful y expected to see Damon up there, smirking down at them. It would be just like him, if hed somehow survived death, to show up suddenly, make a grand entrance, and then pass o ff the miracle with a shrug and a dry quip.And there was someone standing at the top of the cliff. Celia gave a little scream, and Matt swore loudly. It wasnt Damon, though. Elena could tel that right away. The silhouetted figure was broader than Damons lithe form. But the sun was so bright she couldnt make out the persons features, and she lifted her hand to shade her eyes.Like a halo, blond curly hair gleamed in the sunlight. Elena frowned.I think, she said, recognition dawning on her, thats Caleb Smal wood.

Chapter: research methodology Essay

The seek was conducted using questionnaires as the main tool of information appealingness. Questionnaires were utilize for the search mainly because the research focused on aras and questions that could non be put across verbally through interviews. Advantages of using questionnaires. Questionnaires have the avail of privacy and secrecy. They were chosen for the research because of the nature of the subject of research (Furedi 2007). Terrorism is a phenomenon that does not go well with many people in Yemen especially after the 2006 attack.Through the use of questionnaires, the researcher is able to be guaranteed honest and true answers unlike other methods of data collection. A total of 304 replies were received from the people. This was a good tot up and showed that many respondents appreciated the subject of research. Questionnaires are in addition used because they are easy to be used by the respondents. The type of language used in the questionnaires is simple and easy to view. Many respondents be effrontery to prefer the usage of questionnaires as they give them ease in trying to answer the questions present to them (Toolis 2005).They also enjoy the advantage of giving the respondent conviction to reflect on what they had forgotten and give an answer that they think is right rather than being rushed into giving answers with protrude reflecting on them or without being given time to think. If a respondent is given time to research and reflect on what he/she had forgotten, chances are that he/she is likely to give informed answers, public opinions and vies. Disadvantages of questionnaires. In somewhat circumstances, questionnaires could be of demerit to both the researcher and the respondent.Some questions in the questionnaires need explanations by the researcher. Such explanations are normally not accessible as the researchers are always not within r individually. Such interruptions whitethorn cause the respondent to give information that is not related to the questions asked as a emergence of misinterpretation of the questions. If such a scenario occurs, the researcher is bound to lose out in the area in which the question was asked and dissolve either to leave it out or conduct the session again. The other disadvantage of questionnaires is that, they need time for the exercise to be a success.Drafting of the questions, sending the questionnaires to the respondents, filing of the questionnaires and sending them patronage to the researcher will take some time which would have been used in other useful areas concerning the research. It is evident that respondents will slant to take some time before responding to the questionnaires posted or delivered to them. The other disadvantage is that when using questionnaires, they are bound to get lost or get into wring custody (Furedi 2007). When they are posted by the respondents, they power get lost along the way and not reach the researcher at all.In some cases, they may get into wrong hands thus exposing what was meant to be privacy amongst the researcher and the respondent. Such cases could lead to breach of contract as the respondent might have been promised that whatever he/she says will be confidential to the two of them. On the other hand, the information contained in the questionnaires might also be depraved before it reaches the researcher. This could also lead to misrepresentation of the information by the researcher thus leading to wrong conclusions and false recommendations about the subject matter in discussion.Secondary Sources of data collection. A variety of sources were used in data collection for the research. Such sources included the CNYs post-incidence report, documents which as scholarly in nature, political relation press releases and agencies, the Internet, CNY intranet and other sources that were deemed fit for the research (Cachon 2007). Secondary sources of data collection were used mainly to boost the outcomes of the l iterature review. The fear of crime and terrorist attacks were addressed partially by the indirect sources rather than the primary sources.There is information that could not be found using primary sources of data collection. This information included the write up of terrorist attacks in Yemen and other relevant past accounts in as far as terrorism is concerned. Books and journals were used closely as they were viewed as the most tried and important sources of data collection. The Internet came in especially where previous researches were to be used in the writing of the literature review and other sections of the research.Scholarly materials were used especially where thither was need to compare the views of other scholars against those in the research. Such views were so helpful as they gave direction and focus to the research in situations where it thinking to be going out of way (Cachon 2007). How to prevent terrorism, how terrorism has been dealt with in the past, how other countries react to terrorism, the effect of terrorism among other issues were addressed by the secondary data. It is therefore important to say that secondary data could not be ignored in any way by the research. How the research was tackled.When determining on how th research was to be conducted, issues such as accessing the target, the cost of the research and the time available for the research were taken into consideration. The method of conducting the research was one that was think target the whole CNYs employees working in Yemen, as well as direct contractors working for CNY. This gave an approximate target of about one yard employees for the research. The operating structure in Yemen was broken into two field based facilities, a storage terminal on Yemens coast and a interrogative sentence office situated in Sanaa (Lakdawalla 2004).The four locations were part of the commonwealth that was targeted by the research. The research tackled the intended research problem throu gh the use of mint research, reinforced by interviews and research that also in the archives. Such a wide field allowed the researcher to gather information that was all inclusive and representative. more(prenominal) and more survey data was garner by the use of a CNY intranet, questionnaires that were self completed, interviews that were face to face and other sources that were aimed at reinforcing the quantitative data gathered with qualitative data and information available.Due to the nature of the facilities and the number, it was imperative to design an intranet based questionnaire for the purposes of data collection and compendium. It was believed that all of the population in CNY had access to the go withs intranet, thus making it a more convenient and reliable tool for data collection and analysis. It main advantage was that a large population of people was able to be reached at a relatively low cost. Questionnaire design. During the construction of the questionnaire, s everal elements were taken into consideration by the researcher (Chapman 2000).The process was to decide the questions that were to be asked, the wording and sequence of the questions in their precision an also the simplicity and complexity of the questions and wording. The questions were phrased in such a way that respondents found them easy to understand and comprehend with the aim of them not affecting the responses from the respondents. The questionnaires were also made anonymous to the respondents as a result of the cultural sensitivity in Yemen.All the same, there was a section to be completed regarding whether the respondents preferred to be interviewed and if so, contact details were completed by the researcher. It was however found out that respondents were more than spontaneous to take part in the research especially after being assured that the information they provided would be treated in confidence and that they would remain anonymous. selection and sampling of the res pondents. Members from each department were selected and included both the Yemeni and the expatriates (Chapman 2000).They were both asked separately if they were willing to have an interview that was face to face. A formal earn describing the objectives and the purpose of the research was mailed to those members that were selected for the research. The rest of the targeted population was emailed with the same letter describing why the research was being conducted. Interviews were also done thereafter as they tend to offer the possibility of the researcher modifying the line of questioning, then following up with interesting lines of investigation in a way that other forms of data collection methods cannot (Chapman 2000).A structured interview of about 45 minutes was conducted as part of the research collection procedure. The interviews were recorded o both tape and in note form. Due to the nature of the Yemeni culture that discourages recording of interviews, note had to be taken a s a cushion to the same. This was done for the Yemeni nationals and not for the expatriates. An email reminder was send to the population that was targeted two weeks after the questionnaires had been distributed. The reminders were repeated after three weeks with the aim of ensuring that all the positions intended were covered.In order to forfend problems with the questionnaires and the interview design, the questions were piloted on a small sample of the population that was similar to the main surveys respondents. Problems encountered in the Research. There were various problems encountered during the research. Problems included those that were encountered during the process of the research and those that came up during the compilation of data and analysis. One of the problems was the difficulty in convincing people that the questionnaires and the interviews were meant for research purposes and not any other hidden agenda (Pun 2002).A number of the targeted population were a litt le bit concerned about the intention of the research. Given that terrorism is a sensitive area of discussion especially in the public domain, it turned out to be very difficult to drive the point home. The fear associated with terrorism made many people shun away(predicate) from the topic thus leaving the researcher with very little option (Lowry 2002). There was also the problem of finding the needed information. Due to the nature of the Yemeni culture, many respondents were not free enough to give information that they thought was right.They would give information that they thought could go well with what the questions required and not the substantial and true position on the ground. This problem led to some information being discarded as it was vetted and found out that it was unrealistic and not practical. The opinion of the respondents could change and even contradict depending with the type of method collection tool used. This was noticed in cases where both the questionnair es and interviews were used on one respondent at different times for data collection. The problem of time was also an issue. The research was to be done within a specific period of time.This time was diddle considering the nature of the research that was being done. The respondents were far from each other and this needed time to be able to reach all of them for the research. The process of data compilation and analysis took a lot of time due to the fact that three hundred and four replys were to be analysed. The analysis also required some data to be run using the SPSS course which was not familiar with the researcher. Consultations had to be made with the experts in SPSS and other people who had a thorough understanding of what the program was all about (Lowry 2002).This also took some time thus affecting the time scheduled for data analysis. As a result, some of the processes of data analysis were crushed so that some of the time could be used for running of data and generation using the SPSS program (Kumar 2008). The issue of bureaucracy also posed a problem during the research. Getting permission from the relevant authorities which included CPF, BAKPF, the head office at Sanaa and the terminal facility was so difficult. earn had to be written by the university time and again but still the management found it hard to allow the researcher to go ahead with the research.It was yet after several negotiations and pleading that finally the request was granted. The top management feared the fact that the research was aimed at inciting the employees in matters related to terrorism. The effect of the 2006 attack by the terrorists was still fresh in peoples minds and it was feared that any mention of the term terrorism would trigger an atmosphere of fear and animosity. Analysis and Results. The data store was analysed independently for each of the four CNY locations in Yemen. Different procedures and target hardening initiatives were deployed at each location t o meet the specific threat.Separate analysis of each location was used to identify issues that were unique to each one of them as it would be easier to make specific recommendations for each location in terms of proceeds (Lowry 2002). Data from national and expatriate employees also analysed independently with the aim that separate analysis would make it easier to identify any cultural and social differences that could arise between the employees and the fear of crime. The CNY information technology department will be made use of in transferring data from the intranet to the analysis software.The researcher involved in this research was a working for CNPY at he main field facility. The rotation was in five weeks work at Yemen and five weeks vacation in the joined Kingdom. The rotation was meant at necessitating god planning to ensure that all relevant data input was complete and accessible during the duty. Al the employees in Yemen work in a similar rotation and so it was vital to ensure that all the back to back positions had access to the intranet with the aim of enabling the completion of the questionnaires (Metz 2006).The work rotations also had their own advantages which included the reduction in the cost of transportation as CNT transport and internal flights would be used by the researcher. There was also the advantage of completing all the research on time and also the fact that data analysis, compilation and writing up of findings would be done during the vacation. The researcher had a back to back in Yemen who could assist with the sending of the late data from the questionnaires in the unlikely event that it would be necessary.

Strategic Plan Part 1

Strategic scheme Part 1 Malissa Love-Virgil BUS/475 action 12, 2013 Victor De Jesus Strategic Plan Part 1, Conceptualizing a Business Little unify Scoops mission is to endure the healthiest homemade cover flutter at the kindred epoch as supporting the juvenility in the local resemblance. Little confederation Scoops offers two discharge scoops of drinking glass cream off to the little confederation ball players after his or her ball game. Little partnership Scoops, aside from management, only employs students from the local high schooldays, providing a learning experience for students preparing to leave high school.Organization imagination A vision statement is sometimes called a picture of your company in the future but its so much more than that. Your vision statement is your inspiration, the framework for all your strategic planning. A vision statement may apply to an entire company or to a single sectionalisation of that company. Whether for all or part of an or ganization, the vision statement answers the question, Where do we want to go? What you are doing when creating a vision statement is articulating your dreams and hopes for your line of reasoning.It reminds you of what you are trying to build (Vision Statement,2013). At Little League Scoops, we provide homemade superior tasting ice cream while fostering healthy activities in our neighborhood youth. Little League Scoops makes the healthiest homemade ice cream orthogonal daily for those in the surrounding areas. The primary quill goal of Little League Scoops, other than to become a sturdy long-term company in a small town, is to promote healthy activities in the children by encouraging them to maintain healthy activities end-to-end the summer vacation.Little League Scoops believes that by promoting healthy activities in children, we create healthy adults with healthy habits. Keeping children sprightly instead of setting them in front of video games will aid in lowing childhood o besity as well as laziness. Guiding Values The area that in which Little League Scoops resides is not wealthy in terms of monetary value. Little League Scoops is looking to maintain healthy business long term, but it also wants to foster abundant relationships with the conjunction.Little League Scoops provides competitive prices for homemade healthy ice cream for anyone who is not a little league ball player and free scoops for those who are. Little League Scoops believes it is the responsibility of the organizations within a conjunction to foster good will. Providing incentive for the youth to stay progressive is how Little League Scoops intends to become a predominate company in the surrounding areas. As the score of the organization grows, surrounding areas will be invited to join in the free scoops program for the little league teams in those townships.Guiding the Organizations Strategic Direction People have different beliefs around what is right, defame or inconsequential , and so it is critical that companys build some foundational beliefs in employees to make original his or her ends are in alignment with the organization. A companys mission, vision and values are that foundation. They guide decision making by building common beliefs and understanding among employees.When a strong mission, clear vision and enlarge values are implemented, an organization will begin to eliminate personal preference, ensuring that critical decisions are ethically sound and consistent in approach (Decision make The 3 Foundations Of Business Decision Making Mission, Vision, Values,2013). Little League Scoops mission is to provide the healthiest homemade ice cream at the same time as supporting the youth in the local neighborhood. Little League Scoops believes that by promoting healthy activities in children, we create healthy adults with healthy habits.Combining the mission, the vision, and the values of Little League Scoops, the organization will use these parkway forces to maintain the strategic direction and become an icon housed within a small community. Addressing Customer of necessity and Achieve Competitive Advantage Summertime brings a need for cooling refreshments. Ice cream has continuously been a favorite among Americans. The U. S. ice cream industry generated total revenues of $10 billion in 2010, with take in ice cream sales epresenting the largest section of the commercialise, generating revenues of $6. 8 billion or 67. 7 percent of the markets overall value. Frozen dairy doing follows a clear seasonal pattern. Summer is the undisputed season for eating ice cream and other related products. Production kicks up in March and April to fill retail and foodservice pipelines in the late spring and early summer. June is the highest production month of the year, but production remains strong through August to satisfy summer demand. (Ice Cream Sales & Trends,2013). Providing the community with delicious and healthy ice cream serves t wo purposes. The first purpose is the refreshing coolness of a delicious ice cream. The second purpose is providing healthy ice cream is beneficial to those who like ice cream but are health conscious. Little League Scoops makes all its ice cream fresh each day. Hired to help make and serve all the delicious flavors are high school juniors and seniors looking for job experience prior to leaving high school.Little League Scoops believes that if opportunities are provided for the youth, they will in turn become responsible adults. The competitive advantage that Little League Scoops has over competing ice cream parlors are (1) Providing healthy homemade ice cream, (2) hiring high school students and teaching them how to become responsible workers, (3) providing opportunities for the communitys youth to stay active by rewarding them with free scoops, (4) always keeping the youth as priority. ConclusionOther ice cream parlors may offer a larger array of flavors however, Little League Sco ops smaller assortment is always freshly homemade. There is no comparison to homemade ice cream at competitive prices. There is no comparison to encouraging the youth to stay fit and active. Providing a healthy refreshing treat after a ball game will keep the children ardent to participate in summertime activities, instead of sitting in front of a video game. No price can be placed on the health of the future. Todays youth are tomorrows leaders.Encouraging them today will show them they can do anything they put their minds to. References Vision Statement. (2013). Retrieved from http//sbinfocanada. about. com/od/businessplanning/g/visionstatement. htm determination MAKING The 3 Foundations of Business Decision Making Mission, Vision, Values. (2013). Retrieved from http//newdirectionsconsulting. com/4579/blog/the-3-foundations-of-business-decision-making-mission-vision-values-2/ Ice Cream Sales Trends. (2013). Retrieved from http//www. idfa. org/ countersignviews/media-kits/ice-cre am/ice-cream-sales-and-trends/

Fast Food Essay

Fast nutrition is the shape assignn to food that stand be lively and served very quickly. While any meal with low preparation time fag end be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a eatery or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. The term fast food was recognized in a dictionary by MerriamWebster in 1951.Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, or fast food restaurants (also cognise as quick service restaurants). Franchise operations which are part of restaurant chains defend standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations. Defination of Fast nourishment ? viands that can be prepared and served very quickly ?Any meal with low preparation time can be considered ?Food sold with preheated or precooked ingredients.The first fast food restaurants originated in the United States with A&W in 1916 and White castle, founded by Billy Ingram and Walter Anderson in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, is generally credited with opening the insurgent fast food outlet and first hamburger chain, marketing hamburgers McDonalds and KFC are multinational corporations with outlets across the globe. The United States has the largest fast food industry in the world, and the Statesn fast food restaurants are find in over 100 countries. Approximately 2 million U. S. workers are employed in the areas of food preparation and food servicing including fast food in the USA.Famous Fast Food Brands From America (TOP 10) LINK http//cuclife. com/famous-brand/Fast-food/list_711_1. html (Photo Use) 1. Burger King 2. Burger King 3. Taco Bell 4. Arbys 5. Wendys 6. White Castle 7. Kentucky Fried Chicken 8. Pizza Hut 9. Chick-fil-A 10. Subway History of Fast Food Culture world-shaking Events in the US Fast Food Industry 1916 The first low-cost limited menu fast hamburger restaurant called White Castle opens in Wichita KS. 1921 White Castle opens its first restaurant selling hamburgers for 50 cents. 1940 The first McDonalds store Established.1951 The term fast food is recognized in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 1967 McDonalds opens its first restaurant outside the United States 1971 The first Starbucks store opens in Seattle 2002 McDonalds cuts back on trans fat on its French fries by 48%. 2005 McDonalds mascot Ronald ranks 2nd in the top-10 publicizing icons of the 20th century. 2006 According to an estimate, Americans spend nearly $142 billion on fast food. Development of Fast Food Industry Restaurants adjudge been around in some form for approximately of human civilization. But they ordinarily catered to travelers.As far back as ancient Greece and Rome, inns and taverns generally served food to people who had a rationalness to be away from home. This trend continued until relatively recently. Although taverns and coffee houses were popular places to gather and share beverages in the 17th century, the idea of eating out for fun didnt take off in Hesperian society until the late 18th century. Although McDonalds was the first restaurant to use the assembly-line system, some people mean of White Castle as the first fast-food chain. White Castle was founded in 1921 in Wichita, Kansas.At the time, most people considered the burgers sold at fairs, circuses, lunch counters and carts to be low-quality. Many people thought hamburger came from alonechering scraps and spoiled meat. White Castles founders decided to change the publics erudition of hamburgers. They built their restaurants so that customers could see the food being prepared. They painted the buildings white and even chose a address that suggested cleanliness. White Castle was most popular in the American East and Midwest, but its success helped give hamburger meat a better reputation nationwide.So, like cars, White Castle played an eventful part in the development of fast food. The McDonald brothers clear their re designed restaurant in 1948, and several fast-food chains that make up today opened soon after. Burger King and Taco Bell got their start in the 1950s, and Wendys opened in 1969. Some chains, like Carls Jr. , KFC and Jack in the Box, existed before the Speedee Service System, but modified their cooking techniques after its debut. McDonalds, which started it all, is now the worlds largest fast-food chain. According to the National Restaurant Association, American sales of fast food totaled $163.5 billion in 2005. The industry is growing globally as well. Total sales for McDonalds grew 5. 6 percent in 2005, and the company now has 30,000 franchised stores in more than 120 countries. However, McDonalds and fast food in general does not always startle a welcoming reception around the world. McDonalds restaurants have been attacked in several countries, including the United States, China, Belgium, Holland, India, Russia, Sweden and the U. K. Protestors have accused McDonalds and othe r chains of selling unhealthy food, marketing aggressively to children and undermining local value and culture.Reason why the Fast Food Industry can be so Successful ? brassy ?Fast (Convenience) ?Tasty ?Change in lifestyle (Working Long Hours, Busy Life, Rapid Paces) ? Child-Friendly Atmosphere (E. g. Toys) ?Franchising system (E. g. McDonalds) Variants How the fast food culture in America influence the whole world.

Aids in India

Why is the A.I.D.S. pandemic prevalent in India? There argon several detailors that contrisolelye to the outspread of the disease but in my opinion, cardinal ar more enunciate than the rest. Prevailing ethnic practices and economic factors would count as one. This will prove beyond a enquiry that my observation is acceptable, as the factors be beginning would reveal.If we observe the geographical boundaries of India, it appears that the back up epidemic is more concentrated with the grey provinces than it is in the North. The reason of course is the disparity in the background of economic conditions.While the South enjoys a a great deal better standard of living, it as well becomes more susceptible to the spread of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus. Remember that acquired immune deficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus transmission transpired first in more advanced urban centers like the West and East coast of the United States (Atwal & Alexander).In India, the epidemic follows the uniform route the influx of migrant workers is a take off point. of course in the course of their dumbfound, they are bound to have a casual rendezvous with the local stir workers. This is typical with workers advance from the Northern States (Uttar Pradesh) for example enters Mumbai to become part of the labor force, so in violence they are the source of HIV transmission.This phenomenon likewise limits the spread of the disease to the Northern States because said migrant workers stay indefinitely and often postpone trips back home, thus delaying the transmission of the virus to their wives (Atwal & Alexander).Another factor that definitely promotes the spread of HIV points to the cultural upbringing of the populace. Did you know that sex, as a topic, is taboo to more or less in India? Moreover, intervention of sex in public is inviolable where age-old traditions of the religious denominations abhor even the slight nurture of the word. So wh at happens next (Indo-Asian News Service)?Besides, the majority of the population are illiterate and unschooled, so you suffer rationale out the possibility of educating them on the merits of HIV measure. Culture further contributes by keeping residents mum or so the disease. thus far though the symptoms manifest in them, still they refuse to enter treatment centers because of the stigma that is likely to follow. Even monogamous women become inflicted with the HIV virus, simply because their partners have illicit affairs with other women. In fact there the incidence for HIV is higher in women (Frith).Due to these cultural barriers, health workers cannot educate the majority and up to this day, inhabitants still practice unsafe sex where low condom use has been found responsible for 84% of reported cases.Migration and mobility due to economic reasons, workers prefer to extend working hours that keep them away from a level-headed social environment surrounded by their families an d community. This eventually puts them at risk, being prone to unusual demeanour (Preventing HIV/AIDS in India).Recent studies indicate that a get along of drug users today are shift from the inhalation to the injection of drugs, which is relevant to HIV transmission that is more often triggered by the use of ill-gotten needles and syringes. Infections have also been attributed to the low status of women under the norms of Indian society.Given unequal power in traffic as well as limited access to human, financial, and economic assets weakens the stance of protection in the context of demanding safer sex, thereby increasing the risk (Preventing HIV/AIDS in India).The ethnic composition in India is likewise a big factor as the population has roughly 800 gazillion Hindus and 150 million Muslims. This is merry because these religious sects never practice circumcision. And the health manuals are explicit in the assumption that circumcision indeed can reduce health risks, the risk being seven times for uncircumcised males (Russell).As mentioned above, aside from economic factors that helps spread the virus, cultural leanings as well helps to hide the actual incidence of HIV transmission. Government figures are so low that they seem to downplay the seriousness of the situation.Even President George Bush of the United States has been disheartened by the fact that India shows no interest and restricts the outside world from helping curb the AIDS epidemic. That is the reason why the United States race against AIDS has been transferred to Vietnam (Russell).As of today, 22 million lives worldwide have been lost to the HIV/AIDS virus and most of these casualties originated from Southern Africa. Will India be next? All indicators point out to India to likely suffer the same fate, as 200 million of its population are already septic with the virus and a slender over 5 million are actually suffering from a full blown AIDS infection (Indo-Asian News Service).When will HIV/AIDS reach uncontrollable proportion? The HIV/AIDS situation in India is starting to manifest its ugly head by means of government neglect and tough programs. Detailed below are the failed attempts of the government as well as the unfruitful intervention of NGOs and clubby foundations in the drive against the spread of HIV/AIDS in India.The sub-Saharan region of Africa already registered 13 million deaths due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic while another 25 million are reported be infected with the virus. Recent reports from other countries once categorized as heavily infected have shown signs of abating (Beaubien).Thought of as the main reason for the onset of the AIDS epidemic happens to be poor rainwater conditions that have made a significant impact on local harvests adding most likely to the unholy food crises.During its heyday, the African epidemic pulls out healthy and productive workers from the fields due to sickness or to aid in the care for a sick relative. And due to this shortage apart from the desire to rid of hunger, some women traded sex for food, which thereby increases the risk further.Africa has the highest rate of HIV infection in the world to date, but not anymore because as mentioned, figures could be deceiving (Evers).Given the present rate of HIV infection in India, the number for AIDS could reach a total of 25 million by the year 2010 to eclipse the cases registered in Africa. That is if the Government in India would disregard all efforts to curb the disease.The government should accept the fact that the infection has reached epidemic proportion, so a world effort from the United Nations, donor countries and NGOs could help beat the virus in its tracks (World AIDS News).A medical expert from India, Dr Ishwar Gilada presents a bleak sound judgement of the situation. Sooner or later, India will be home to half of the worlds HIV-infected people with roughly 200 million of its population infected with the virus, of which nigh 10 mi llion already contracted a full-blown status where roughly 1 million patients have already died.And if the Government fails in its strain to control the epidemic, then the projected 25 million cases could be expected in the next two years (World AIDS News).The projection is bleak indeed since the Global Fund think for the prevention of AIDS urgently needs some 700 million dollars to support its outlined projects. The Bill and Melinda render Foundation for example has pledged 200 million dollars in its India AIDS initiative.The grant will be used to help support HIV prevention measures in the Indian States of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Manipur and Nagaland (World AIDS News).What has the Government done so far? Indias fight against AIDS started in 1992 through the World Bank-financed National AIDS Program. The effort was nationwide in scope that set-up AIDS control offices in 32 states and union territories.The program somehow increased access to information, education and communicat ion programs, using media and symmetrical communication mediums such as folk music, festivals, HIV consciousness campaigns and even elephant parades to broadcast the risks involved in HIV (India Stemming the AIDS Epidemic).Other Government initiatives include blood safety measures or the mandatory binding conducted by most blood banks, which banned professional blood donations while promoting it as voluntary and systems-wide outline to improve blood banks services.All these somehow raised public awareness on the evils of HIV/AIDS, informing around 80% of the population 64% in the countryside, particularly the high-risk group.Some positive observations have already been stipulated with reports coming from the states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal, all presenting encouraging feedback for their HIV programs (India Stemming the AIDS Epidemic).There are still coherent reports that the Government effort does not suffice with the continued rise of the HIV/AIDS. The informa tion drive and prevention measures seem to have failed in its drive to educate the majority.The think-tank in New Delhi failed to show remarkable strides in the desire to contain the epidemic. The world may just as well brace for a 19% full-blown AIDS infection rate by 2020 or that would be around 200 million cases.