12 Angry Men: Conflict & Negotiation

Tutorial (T3/W4) 1. Blackboard Forum Refer to Blackboard, Discussion Board, for the tutorial assignment. i)Assume you’ve been appointed HR Executive (Training & Development) of McPEC (Marine & Offshore Engineering Pte Ltd) in Singapore. McPEC is a privately owned entity and a member of the Entraco Group of Companies. The company is capable of undertaking turnkey engineering, procurement, construction, installation and project management (EPCIM) for onshore and offshore oil and gas projects. McPEC is also an ISO 9001-2000 certified company, which meets the ongoing demand for quality and safety standards of all oil and gas customers. Your immediate superior, Mr Lee, Human Resource Manager, has instructed you to come up with a proposal on how to conduct training for staff who are poor in time management. The following guidelines are given to you: – 20 staff, between the ages of 20 – 40, have been found to be poor in time management by not meeting deadlines for their work – 3 hours of training in time management to be conducted – Training Needs Analysis (TNA) not done Non-training needs not analysed With the knowledge you’ve gained so far from TRGD lectures and notes and with reference to McPEC, answer the following questions: †¢ What are the training objectives? †¢ What are the suitable training methods? †¢ What are the factors that influence transfer of training? Enter your individual answer into Blackboard. This is to be done as homework before coming to the tutorial. ii)Watch the DVD by Julie Morgenstern who’s conducting training in time management. Notice her approach and the points she covers. (Time given: 30 mins) Self-assessment How long it will take 4D’s: delete delegate delay diminishing Time map Transform the theory into practice Draw an applicable map for yourself Rapport Multi task iii)Tutor shall summarize the main points of the video and their relevance to the tutorial assignment. (Time given: 10 mins) iv)What could you learn from the approach taken by Julie? Read the answers of your classmates on Blackboard. What could you learn from the answers of your classmates? Discuss as a group on how you could improve on your earlier individual answer on training in time management? Enter your improved group answer into Blackboard. (Time given: 50 mins) v)Each group is to present the main points of their answer. (Time given: 20 mins) Participation on Blackboard will contribute to your individual class participation mark as follows: – Relevant points for effective time management (20 marks) – Practical examples (20 marks) – Suitable for the Singapore context (10 marks) Total: 50 marks 2. Tutor Consultation Time – CA1

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Essay

Module I Nature and scope of Management; evolution of management- Schools of management thought; F.W.Taylor and Henry Fayol; principles of management; management as a science and an art; management process. Folk management and its application in the modern era Evolution of management thought. Module II Functions of management- planning: planning premises; types of plan; planning process; Organization – Theories, types, importance, organization structure- Line and Staff functions – Conflicts; centralization and decentralization; delegation; types, principles, elements, Coordination, Directing – Supervision, Communication. Module III Directing – motivation, leadership – Theories; importance – Controlling principles – Dynamics of Groups at work, work group behavoiur and productivity; work and motivation Manager vs. leader; leadership and motivation; leadership styles; theories of motivation. MBO: – team creation and Management ; Module 1V Organizational learning and knowledge management Time management. Module V Management of Change – importance, objectives and methods – Role of leadership Transformational management. Books: 1. Koontz, H and Weihrich, H: Management, McGraw Hill Inc, New York, 1995. 2. Drucker, Peter, F: Management: Tasks, Responsibilities and Practices, Allied Publishers, New Delhi 2004. 3. Betman, Thomas S and Snell, Scott A.: Management: Competing in the New Era, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2003. 4. Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya, Principles of Management: Text and Cases, Pearson, 2012 5. Stoner et al. Management, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1996. 6. Stephen P Robbins, and Mary Coulter, Management, Pearson, 2003. Pre requisite: DROPBOX ACCOUNT. Download Principles of management by F.W.Taylor from iBook and Read. EVERY ALTERNATE SESSION WILL CONTAIN PRESENTATION BY STUDENTS TO EVALUATE THE LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING OF PREVIOUS SESSIONS. SESSIONS Topics Methodology Outcome Remarks 1 Introduction; Two way study pattern; Exam and application level, Syllabus and recommended books Understand exam pattern, Evaluation pattern, Teaching Methodology. 2 Evolution of management BBC Interactive flash on Egyptian Pyramid construction, PPT Virtual difficulty and importance of management. 3 Nature and scope of Management Discussion based on previous session Virtual difficulty and importance of management. 4 to 6 Schools of management thought F.W.Taylor, PPT, Lectures and discussion F.W.Taylor ipad book , To Understand the real Application in Industry. 7 to 9 Henry Fayol; principles of management PPT, Lean bicycle factory software, Lectures and discussion To Understand the real Application in Industry. 10 Management as a science and an art Debate Incubate the thought process. 11-13 Folk management and its application in the modern era http://www.unesco.org/most/bpikreg.htm#asiapacific Explore, lecture, Assignment1: Identify folk management at local level and look it as a business opportunity. Explore the innovative folk management as an business opportunity 14 Functions of management VS Business Functions. Concept clarity through examples Understand the basic difference between the two terminologies. 15 to 17 Class test Module 1 Written examination Preparation for University exam 18 to 21 Planning: planning premises; types of plan; planning process Lecture and Assignment2: Prepare a plan to start up a small grocery store. Application of planning. 22 to 25 Organization – Theories, types, importance, organization structure- Line and Staff functions – Conflicts; Ppt lecture and discussion Assignment3 Get an organization Structure of an existing firm and justify changes you will like to make Understanding Pros and cons of organization structure 26-27 Centralization and decentralization Domino’case study Application in real context 28-29 Delegation; types, principles, elements, Coordination, Hospital as an example Ppt lecture and discussion Application in real context 30-31 Directing – Supervision, Communication Lecture ppt example Understand the importance of relationship between subordinates 32-33 Directing – motivation, Ppt lecture and discussion Motivation theory and its application areas Applicability in Marketing and HR 34-36 Leadership – Theories; importance Ppt lecture and discussion Application of these theories 37-39 Class Test Module 2 Written examination Preparation for University exam 40-42 Controlling principles Why Controlling need? Understand the importance of Controlling 43-45 Dynamics of Groups at work, work group behaviour and productivity; work and motivation Ppt lecture and discussion and group based activities Realize the importance of team work 46-48 Manager vs. leader; leadership and motivation; leadership styles; theories of motivation. MBO: – team creation and Management ; Ppt lecture and discussion and Debate on the best styles Understand Which type of style when and where to use 49 Organizational learning and knowledge management Time management. Ppt lecture and discussion Understand that it is a continuous lifelong process Class Test Module 3 Written examination Preparation for University exam 50-51 Management of Change – importance, objectives and methods – Ppt lecture and discussion Able to Tackle the change 52-53 Role of leadership Transformational management. Ppt lecture and discussion Understand Which type of style when and where to use 54-56 Class Test All Modules Written examination Preparation for University exam 57-60 Revision Individual presentation

A Analytical Review Of The Battle Of Hastings History Essay

A Analytical Review Of The Battle Of Hastings History Essay In October 14, 1066, the tragic Battle of Hastings took place. It was fought between the Norman Army of Duke William II of Normandy and the English army of King Harold II. The battle took place at Senlac Hill, about 6 miles northwest of Hastings. Harold II was killed during the battle; historians predict or believe that he was shot through the eye by the barraging arrows fired from the Norman armies. The battle was the decisive Norman victory in the Norman Conquest of England. Although there was further English resistance after the Norman victory, the battle is seen as the point at which William gained control of England, becoming England’s first Norman ruler as King William I. The famous Bayeux Tapestry shows the events of the battle. Many battles later on were built on the site of the conflict, such as Battle Abbey in East Sussex. Belonging to the most authoritative family in England, Harold Godwisnon claimed the throne soon after Edward the Confessor died in January 1066. Some historians say that Edward had verbally promised the throne to his cousin William the Duke of Normandy, but decided just before his death to give it to Harold. While Edward the Confessor had a great English nephew who might have qualified as his heir, he was considered to be too young. William had been instituting policy in England for over 15 years, and by taking Harold’s crowning, he declared the start of a great battle. He planned to invade England and take over the throne. However, at that time, the Norman army was not strong enough, so nobles as far as Southern Italy were called to gather at Caen in Normandy. In order to convince them to aid him, he promised lands and titles to his followers and supporters and claimed that the voyage was secured by the Pope. William assembled an enormous fleet of about seven hundred ships, over twenty thousand men. This force waited at the port through summer, probably because of unfavorable weather conditions and more likely from f ear of a clash at sea with the large English fleet. The Norman ships finally sailed for England after the exhaustion of supplies forced Harold to dismiss his fleet and army, to add to that, many English ships were destroyed by a storm. On the day of September 28, 1066, William landed unobstructed at Pevensey. Harold, who had been waiting for Normans to start their invasion, rushed his armed forces to the north to attack an invading Norwegian Viking army led by King Harald Hardrada and Tostig Godwinson, Harold’s brother. He completely shattered the invaders at the battle of Stamford Bridge, near York. Upon hearing that the Duke’s forces had landed, Harold hurried southward to meet the invaders. Harold’s brother, Earl Gyrth, recommended a delay in the attack, but Harold was determined to show his people that he could defend his kingdom against anyone who tries to invade it, hence demonstrating his power. He headed toward London on the morning of 12 October, gather ing all the forces he could on his way. He arrived at Senlac Hill on the night of 13 October.

Health Promotion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Health Promotion - Assignment Example The paper was supposed to begin by introducing the whole content of the paper in an abstract that is subdivided into subheadings representing the major heading of the report. This, however, was adhered to. The authors reported this in a manner that captivates the attention of the reader by letting the audience know what the paper entails and making the decision on whether to proceed with reading the whole paper or not depending on his interest. The abstract had the purpose, participants, method, result, conclusion and key words meeting the desired reporting guideline for the same. From this section a lone the researcher made known the reason he was engaging in the research reason being to explore the patients' perspective regarding their decision to seek health care services or avoid them altogether(Carla, Green, Johnson, & Yarborough, 2014).In the introduction section, more of what was covered in the abstract were expounded with more explanation about the need for that study. The re search design also covered how the survey was conducted by from October 2002 to April 2003 with 150 participants. The researchers reported having assessed that the participants had 12 months old plan. The mean of the population interviewed was also reported and the consideration given to the participants for their time was also acknowledged. This supports the validity of the response given since participants will not be worried about the time they are losing out from doing the economic activity.

The Moment of Truth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Moment of Truth - Essay Example and extending the service life of the long-term assets of the infrastructure, which are essential in maintaining quality of life in a society, as well as mainstreaming the economy. There are various studies that have indicated that the implementation of the Municipal Infrastructure Asset management System in the UAE faces a myriad of challenges. However, these studies did not seek to provide a backup for this connotation. Perhaps, their failure to do this might be attributed to the fact that the complexity and magnitude of challenges that face the financial and physical aspects of the civil infrastructure systems, which have been supporting the traditional lifestyles of communities in the world is quite complex and significant. Considering the fact that the historical management practices have failed to support the expected levels of infrastructural services on sustainable basis, there is need to consider improving approaches for managing the infrastructure perhaps through implementi ng systems such as the Municipal Infrastructure Asset Management. However, the biggest challenge as far as the UAE is concerned has not been on the employability of this systems and whether or not the system can work. The challenge has been identifying all the possible changes but rather the inherent factors that come into play making the implementation process to be somewhat challenging. After many years of capital investment in the infrastructure in Europe, as well as in the United States, the need to make sure such infrastructure are sustained has not worked following the many mounting challenges attributed to it. Among the current duress include political pressures to have the public spending reduced, tight local and state budget, and the deferral of the required maintenance funding. It has been noted that progressive aging capital, the parochial statuses, as well as the interest groups have become a major hindrance to flexible procurement strategies. Moreover, the rise of the

Icts role in primarks operations strategy Essay

Icts role in primarks operations strategy - Essay Example This paper discusses the operations strategy of Primark Stores Limited, a fast fashion retail company that currently operates in Ireland, United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Netherlands and Germany. Primark is owned by the diversified British giant, Associated British Foods (ABF) and as at the end of 2011 had 232 stores spread in continental Europe . In 2010 Primark beat Marks & Spencer and ASDA to become was UK’s largest clothing retailer by turnover, with sales of  £3,043m. Primark sells a range of fashion items targeted at people under 35 years old who are fashion-conscious. It is identified as the retailer that offers the lowest prices on the high street. Primark is a player in the relatively young retail apparel industry known as fast fashion. Fast fashion refers to the strategy where retailers count on speed of production and adoption to current and emerging design trends to market their merchandise. While fast fashion may be heaven to buyers it can be disastrous to retailers who have to keep changing their inventory rapidly if they are to capture their fashion conscious target market. This however does not prevent the industry from being very profitable. Consider this: in the apparel industry, fast fashion companies have surpassed traditional rivals in growth by seizing their market share. Furthermore, â€Å"fast fashion leaders typically earn higher profit margins than their old-guard competitors, averaging 16 per cent, versus 7 per cent for the typical specialty-apparel retailer†. (Sull & Turconi, 2008, p.5).† However, to better comprehend Primark’s industry and resulting strategies we shall first analyse the industry using Porter’s five forces. 2.1. Five Forces Analysis of Primark’s Industry The strengths of Porter’s five competitive forces has an effect on costs, prices, investments and other factors needed to compete thus they affect the average level of profitability for a given industry (P orter, 2008). This implies that these five forces have a direct correlation with the industry participants’ profitability. Using this line of thought one can therefore state that a firm’s industry structure is a major factor that determines an organization’s competitive strategy (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). The first strong force is competitive rivalry. The UK’s retail fashion industry is according to Mintel (2005) is more consolidated than the rest of Europe with the top five UK retailers account for almost 45% of sales. Secondly, following from the effect of 2008 recession on consumer disposable incomes, the industry is not a basic need category and as such has continued to experience slow growth. All the above attributes are symptomatic of industries where intensity of competitive rivalry is great (Porter, 2008). Another strong force in Primark’s industry is the threat of substitutes largely as a result of the following three characteristics: (1) the garments sold in fast fashion are not durable; (2) Primark’s offerings are low-cost; and (3) the cost of switching from one retailer to the other is very low. These three traits make it

Carbon dioxide emissions from existing housing stock Essay

Carbon dioxide emissions from existing housing stock - Essay Example The world community today has become increasingly conscious about the way we should treat our environment while carrying out routine jobs and business activities. The gaining popularity of green buildings, green technology and green standards of living are an indication towards the increasing consciousness for reducing the usage of substances harmful to the nature. The existing housing stock is another cause of worry for the environmentalist for couple of reasons. This study is an effort to look into the extent of carbon dioxide gases released by the housing stock and how some concerned citizens and organisations have taken up the task of minimising these emissions. Boardman (2007) contends that, "Of the homes we will inhabit in 2050, around 80 percent are already standing today and these have to be the main focus of carbon-reduction policies". This study is an effort to analyse the statement in right earnest and to understand the severity of the dangerous proportions it may acquire if we do not take the requisite steps for our future generations. In UK alone about a quarter of all carbon emissions are stated to be emanating out of the domestic building stocks1. This has resulted into efforts towards environment friendly housing. ... for Urban Design Information (RUDI) an independent body catering to the needs of researchers in the field of urban design and place-making, predicts that, UK might fall 'drastically short' of long-term targets towards reducing emissions without urgent action to cut carbon dioxide output from homes2. The Global Trends UK is not the only country facing the ill effects of carbon emissions. The Energy Information Administration, EIA (2008), a US government agency has come out with startling statistics pointing out the sources of carbon emissions in different parts of the world. As per the report from EIA titled, 'International Energy Outlook 2008', Carbon dioxide happens to be the most abundant anthropogenic (human-caused) greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Though studies point out that about 82 percent of the greenhouse gases are because of the energy consumption by the people and industries, but the EIA study points out that3 the building sector contributed to more than 48 percent of carbon emissions since 1990. This is an indication towards how the rapid pace of globalisation and industrialisation is adversely affecting the ecological balance around us. OECD, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, a group of 30 industrialised nations like USA, UK, Germany, Canada, Japan, Korea e tc, has been the torch-bearers of globalisation and industrial activities. The EIA report indicates that 'Carbon dioxide emissions per capita in the OECD economies are significantly higher than in the non-OECD economies (Figure). The figures indicate that if things continue with the existing pace the situation might be headed to uncertain times for the humanity. While the projected increase in the carbon emissions per capita is almost similar in OECD and non-OECD nations, the

Managerial Decidion Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Decidion Making - Essay Example The basis that conflicts are different gives an insight on how they can be best solved by understanding the underlying principles. Conflicts can either be constructive or harmful depending on the scenario they arise. Positive conflicts also known as constructive conflicts facilitate tolerance, greater understanding, learning and effectiveness where the conflicting parties are able to grow and develop on the conflicting ideas (Dayton, 2012). In order for a conflict to arise, it has to bear some characteristics which are; independent parties are involved, a feeling of resentment, a perception that the other party is at fault and an action that can cause a business problem. This paper focuses on the workplace conflict, the causes of such conflicts and proposes an effective way of resolving conflicts in the workplace. A good example is where Jacob and Austin share an open office workstation. Jacob’s desk is tidy and likes silence in order to pay full attention to the task and beat deadlines. Jacob prefers taking meals from the dining room provided by the company. On the other hand, Austin’s desk is full of empty disposable cups stashed together with dusty files around. When on the phone he talks at the top of his voice, which disrupts Jacob. Despite being provided with dining place, Austin prefers to take meals from his desk while listening to the lunch time news. This behavior by Austin has always driven Jacob crazy and often culminated in arguments that have caught the attention of other workmates. Austin sometimes prefers working from a different terminal. In a nut shell, the conflict in this scenario is caused by the different styles of approach that the two adapt and also the personal values of each one. Purely the above case encompasses all facets of a conflict. In a strong bid to end or minimize conflicts in the workplace, there has to be a clear way of approaching the causes,

Week 1 - Discussion 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 1 - Discussion 2 - Coursework Example The motivation factors may include a rewarding system that recognizes groups or individual performance. According to Lockwood (2006, 4), â€Å"rewards and recognition also help both to retain talent and to improve performance.† Also, they should recognize and appraise the employees who are performing well and particularly those achieving progressive improvements records. Other forms of employees’ motivation may include promotion, financial and non-financial rewards, etc. Managers should be good leaders in their organizations to motivate and improve performance of their staff. They should inculcate best leadership skills such as ensuring effective communication of the organizational objectives to the employees and coordinating the workforce to relinquish the potential towards the right goals (Gregory, 2011). Also, they should build teamwork and delegate responsibilities to the employees as well as hold the groups or individuals accountable for what they achieve. This will also improve the decision-making process by reducing bureaucracy in the organization. Finally, employers can hire competent workers and initiate training programs to provide training to the employees so that they can advance their skills and acquire latest skills (Dreher & Dougherty,

Living on Your Own Essay Example for Free

Living on Your Own Essay Living on your own doesnt seem to be a big deal in the beginning. Despite all the disadvantages of living on your own the benefits of it are far greater. While living on your own you can develop important life skills such as time management and greater responsibility, which will lead to a more mature stage of life. When this stage of life is achieved you can decide what and how you want to live the rest of your life. When it comes to the point of living away from your parents house a big door to freedom is opened up where there is nobody except yourself and a lot of time and things you can play with. Privacy is perhaps one of the most important things you receive when you are living on your own. Coming home from work or school to find there is nobody sitting watching a TV program you do not like or someone trying to force you to eat when you are not hungry. Also there will be nobody there to annoy you with their questions or their whole day in detail on a daily basis. On top of the privacy issue most young people these days are complaining that there is someone pushing on them for their time management. If you are living on your own this problem will virtually cease to exist. You have to decide when the rime comes to do your homework, eat, sleep, go to school or go to work. It seems if you have all that freedom nobody can stop you from doing whatever you want when you want except for you. This is great as long as you manage your time well and dont just end up partying all the time, but also have time for school and work things will be great. Another great thing about living on your own is that it is very challenging and adventurous. Great opportunities come around every day which you can take advantage of. The best thing about it is even if the opportunity you had fails you dont feel embarrassed in front of anybody but yourself. It is obviously better when things work out for you and you feel very proud of yourself because you did it by yourself. In conclusion There are many great more advantages to living on your own than  not. By having total freedom, not having people push on you and making your descisions for you and you have the advantage of learning about life on your own. By lving on your own you will face the biggest challenge in your life. It is human nature to strike out on your own and live independently.

Ikeas Entry Strategy In Russia Marketing Essay

Ikeas Entry Strategy In Russia Marketing Essay Globalisation is the growing trend towards worldwide markets in products,capital and labour,unrestricted by barriers.Globalisation is not a new process but it has accerelated in recent years with the rapid growth of multnational companies and expansion of free international trade with the key feature of Globalisation that have an impact on business strategy are; Increased international trade as barriers to trade are reduced. Growth of multanational businesses in all countries as there is greater freedom for capital to be invested from one country to another. Freer movement of workers between countries. Direct investment is when a business entering a foreign based assembly or manufacturing facilities.Globalisation is having a great impact on the marketing strategies adopted by businesses that trade internationally. One features of globolisation is that national and regional difference in tastes,culture,fashion and wants are becoming less obvious. According to some analysists (e.g Levitt) The world is becoming more standardised in the goods and services that it is demanding. If this is true, then the opportunies for companies to use technology to gain massive economies of scale by selling the same product across the globe are huge. Other writers ( e.g Donglas and Wind ) suggest that substantial differences still exist in consumer needs in different countries` markets.Standardisation is only one option for entering these markets and this will sometimes fail.The alternative is for businesses to adapt a global marketing mix to local needs and conditions this is called localisation. Product adaption involves changing the product to meet local conditions or wants. For example, finish cell phone maker Nokia customises its cell phones for every major market. Developers build in rudimentary voice recognization for Asia where key boards are a problem and raise the ring volume, so phones can be heard on crowded Asian streets. Nokia is also making a major push to create full featured but rugged and low cost phones that meet the needs of affluent consumers in large developing countries such as India,China etc. Product standardisation: The term `standardisation` indicates the presence ot certain desirable qualities like utility durability, safety and desirable features like design, weight, colour in a product. Standardisation refers to the process of setting standards for a commodity on the basis of its desire qualities. Standardized global marketing refers to an international marketing strategy for using basically tha same marketing strategy and mix in all the company`s international markets. IKEA is the Swedish home furnishing company having more than 200 stores in 32 countries selling a range of some 10,000 articles and having more than 84,000 employees within IKEA group. IKEA as a multinational company entering Russia with strategy based on adaptation and on standardisation. A strategy based on adaptation to meet local condition or wants in foreign market(Russia). This strategy is adopted to the larger extent as it is supported by the following evidences from case study. IKEA has an impression that few companies in Russia focused on solving the needs of the many people by offering attractive products at reasonable prices. It enters the market knowing exactly that there is a gap market demand left therefore decided to think global but act local. Entry strategy was based on the view that there is a need to live and learn about the new market before setting the strategies. Within IKEA, setting up a new bussiness was described as very little theory and very much practice. IKEA`s entry strategy based on taking stock of the existing situation. The mostly used technique is called SWOT analysis ,i.e strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats. IKEA identifies the key needs and wants of Russian, for example low level of education and lack of experienced management staff and takes the task to train and prepare the local people who will be ready to lead further expansion process. As a manager has commented about his management group My main task is really to make this group more Russian and export people for the upcoming expansion IKEA practesed home visits to customers inorder to talk to people see how they live and used their homes and to identify potential needs and wants not fully realised by customers themselves. Understanding local family conditions and furnishing traditions them provided as a basis for an effective introduction and marketing of the IKEA concept. A store manager pointed out that the main priority in Russia is the normal living costs and then comes the car and TV and afterwards may be a trip abroad. One example of how IKEA has considered the local preferences is in developing the room settings to refect local conditions in terms of apartment sizes and local traditionals of furnishing. It should also be possible to mix Mix and match the range with the Russian home. IKEA`s entry strategy for Russian based on standardization, the market concept holds that marketing program will be more effective if tailered to the unique needs of each targeted customer group. Consumers in different countries still have widely varied culture backgrounds.They differ significantly in their needs wants spending powers, product preferences and shopping patterns, because these differences are hard to change, IKEA adapt their products prices, channels and promotions to fit consumers desires in Russia. IKEA decided to apply adapted Global marketing strategy for adjusting the marketing strategy and mix elements to each international target market bearing more costs but hoping for a larger market share and return. Standardised marketing strategy for using basically the same marketing strategy and mix all the company internationally markets. IKEA`s basic strategy neither to adjust the style of the products of the local,needs nor follow the competitors`s product development was central preserving the IKEA concept and image the range is supposed to be ,IKEA unique and typical IKEA All range of product are divided into four major categories or styles, scandinavian country, modern and young Swede,which are clearly distingushed in all businesses areas across the store. One of the reasons why IKEA was successful with its standard product ranges in Russia was the fact that several of these IKEA ranges emphasise the morden style,which is very different from the traditional Russian style but is attractive and new for the Russian customers since it symbolises change. However, IKEA`s entry strategy on adaptation and standardisation was limited ,that the store played an additional role by becoming the training site for new employees. Since IKEA was totally new to many Russian customers to bring people as much as possible in the store in order to learn about IKEA becomes an additional task. IKEA is trying to strike the balance between adaptation and standardisation in the Russian market. IKEA introduces more or less the same product range in all new countries irrispective of what is considered popular by local customers. In Russia IKEA`s Scandinavian furniture design in some contract to the historically preferred dark wood, massive, lacquered, expensive furniture. In order to support this strategy IKEA most often identifies the potential needs that are similar across markets. 3. IKEA`S MARKET BEHAVIOR IN RUSSIA Selling in foregn market was once too risky and expensive for most firms, so only large businesses growing too large for their national markets are used to commit to this form of marketing. Improved communication, better transport links and free International trade. For many firms International marketing is now an opportunity to profitably exapand their sale indeed, for some firms it is no longer an option to remain based in just one country. Consumer make many buying decision everyday and the buying decision is the focal point of their market`s effort. Most large companies reseach consumers buying desicions in great details to answer questions about what consumers buy, where they buy, how and how much they buy, when they buy and why they buy. Market behavior depends on the factors that affect consumers behaviour. Culture is the set of basic values, perceptions, wants and behaviors learned by member of society from family and other important institutions. Failure to adjust to these differences can result in effective marketing or embarrasing mistakes. Company are always trying to sport culture shifts in order to discover new products that might be wanted. Cultural factors exert a broad and deep influence on consumer bahaviour. The marketer needs to understand the role played by the buyyer`s culture, sub culture and social class. IKEA company in Russia enters by recreating its company culture from scratch. In Moscow that included the replication of the store design and layout in accordance with the latest version in the existing store and extensive cultural education that was carried out by the team of experienced IKEA people. Another IKEA approach was to create needs that could be satsfied within the range and to inspire customers with numerous new solutions based on existing range. The theme Living with small spaces was one such solution used in Russia. Consumers` behavior also is influenced by social factors, such as consumer`s small groups, family and social roles and status. Marketers try to identify the reference groups of their target markets. Reference group expose a person to new behaviors and life styles, influence a persons attitudes and self concept and create pressures to confirm that may affect the person`s product and brand choices. The importance of group influence varies across products and brands. It tends to be strongest when the product is visible to other whom the buyer respects. Personal factor also influnce market behavior of the market. A buyer`s decision also are influenced by personal characteristics such as buyer`s age and life cycle stage, occupation ,economic situation, life style, personality and self concept. People change goods and services they buy over their lifetimes, taste in food, clothes, furniture and recreation are often age related. Buying is also shaped by the stage of the family life cycle the stages through which family might pass as they mature over time. Marketer also define their target and develope oppropiate products and marketing plans for each stage. IKEA`s market behavior in Russia has been different due to the fact that Russia ia an emerging market that has advanced. Since IKEA was totally new many Russian customers to bring people as much as possible in the store in order to learn about IKEA and get a positive attitude was a main goal from the very begining. IKEA put a strong emphasis on making the Russian customers feel welcome and important in the store which was very unusual for Russian stores at the time. The way the range was presented and the opportunity to touch and test everything in the store also made the products much more desirable to the Moscow customers. This was new and unusual retail approach. Another respect that IKEA company used, it considered the local preferences in developing the room setting to reflect local conditions in terms of apartment sizes and local traditions of furnishing. Also building an image of low price brand that guaranteed attractive and morden products of good quality. IKEA was completely to the journalists and introduced them to the IKEA way and values by organising press trips to Almhult in Sweden to learn how the range is created. The result was that the press coverage of IKEA in Russia become much more positive. IKEA operations in Russia was the fact that IKEA was the only company that stayed in Russia after the currency devaluation and subsoquent collapse in August 1998 when almost all the foreign companies left the country,that created an immediate effect of trust an willingness to cooperate with IKEA on the part of the major Russian politicians By concluding the IKEA marketing behaviour in Russia has been different in reapects of Russian culture, social factors, personal factors, economic situation and psychological factors. 4. IKEA`S VISION ,ITS MARKETING STRATEGY AND INFLUENCE IN RUSSIA Business vision is the statement of what the organisation would like to achieve or accomplish in the long term. Basically a vision statement is what the organisation wants to become (future) e.g Nokia-our vision is a world where every one is connected ,Minnesota Health Department(USA) the vision is to keep all residents healthy, McDonald`s Reustarants-Mc Donalds has a vision where the world buys more McDolnalds than any other fast food. A brand is the name sign ,symbol design or combination of all used to distinguish the product of one firm from others. A brand is the means by which the firm identifies itself with customers e.g ITC for Indian Tobacco Company, family names such as Tata steel, IBM Computers etc. Positive brand equity derives from customer feelings about and connections with a brand. Consumers sometimes bond very closely with specific brands.For example one Michigan couple had such a passion for Black Decker`s Dewalt power tool brand that they designed their entire wedding around it. Building a strong brands posses challenging decisions to the marketer. Major brand strategy desicions involve brand positioning, brand name selection, brand sponsorship and brand development. Managing brands companies manage their brand careful. First the brand positioning must be continously communicated to tha consumers. Major brand marketers spend huge amounts on advertising to create brand awareness and to build preference and loyalty. Such advertising compagns can help to create name recognition, brand knowledge and may be even some brand preference. However the fact is that brands are not maintaned by advertising but by the brand experience. To day consumers come to know a brand through a wide range of contacts and touch points.These include advertising but also personal experience with the brand, word of mouth, company web, pages and many others. IKEA can be regarded as a global brand because IKEA is a leading home furnishing company with more than 200 stores in 32 countries, sellimg a range of some 10,000 articles and having more than 84,000 employees within the IKEA group. IKEA marketing strategy in Russia influenced/contribute to the company`s brand vision by focusing on solving the needs of the many people by offering attractive products at reasonable price. IKEA enters Russia by recreating its company culture from scratch. In Moscow that included the replication of the store design and layout in accordance with the latest version of the existing store and an extensive culture education that was carried out by the team of experinced IKEA people. Marketing communications become an important means to create tha right image of IKEA .The ways to communicate the image through the out door products, image ads in the glossy magazines, TV, buzz network or word of mouth. Internal organisation processes also supported the positioning strategy. Common activities carried on a regular basis were informal and formal discussions at the store level where co-workers from once or several store depertments take part.The discussions covered different costomer issues the best ways to present the range to the customers. Market data and experience were also transfered and shared within and between different depertments and units at the company. By conluding the marketing strategy in Russia contribute to the company`s brand vision by focusing on solving the needs of the many people by offering eye-catching-product,communications,Internal organisations and positioning strategy 6. IKEASS OPPORTUNITIES TO ACHIEVE LONG TERM SUCCESS, MAIN CHALLENGES AND MEASURES IN RUSSIAN MARKET Identifying successfull business opportunities is one of the most important stages in being an effective company. Many compnaies say they want to work for themselves butthey do not make the leap to success because they have not been able to identify a market need that will offer sufficient demand for their product to allow thebusiness to become profitable. International business operate more than one country, these are often called multinational companies. Multi national companies are business organistaions that have their headquaters in one country, but with operating branches in other countries. IKEASS opportunities to achieve long term success in the Russian market was that the IKEAS owner saw Russia as a long term investment also enables the management to supply a long term view that may become a competitive advantages in the yearto come. IKEA was successfull with its standard product range which was the fact that several of these IKEA ranges emphasizes the modern style which is very different from traditional Russian style but is attractive and new for the Russian customers since its symbolise changes. Marketing communication became an importnat means to create the right image of IKEA in Russia. Government authorities and officials of different ranks were also critical stakeholders group. Their goodwill and support was crucial for IKEA expansion in Russia. However IKEA has faced some challeneges in Russia such as: Lack of experienced local workers, Totally new to many Russian customers, High customs fees , neccessity to purchase more from the local producers, difficult in finding and developing suppliers in Russia, Low buying power of Russin customers. Russian customers low price wasvery strongly related to unattractive products of poor quality and one of the challenges has been to overcome this and explain how it is possible to offergood products at low prices. Measures taken by IKEA to overcome the challenge were: providing training programs to local workers, improving market communications, adapting the local Russian culture, common activities carried out on a regular basis were formal and informal disccussion at there levels were co-workers from one or several departments take part.

superman for president Essay -- essays research papers

When we think of the office of President, what kind of person comes to mind? Does he have to be wise and make good decisions? Does he have to look good in a suit? Maybe he should just be a person that you trust in to keep The United States of America running smooth. Well if that is what you think of when you think of the President, my candidate is all of that plus much more. Superman would be the perfect commander in chief of these United States. The first of my candidates multiple qualities is respect for the people. Past presidents didn’t have that characteristic. He realizes that the people come first, that is the whole purpose of becoming the president. Serving the citizen would be his number one priority. When he was working for a newspaper company, he used to secretly go out and save people’s lives, putting his own life in danger. Rescuing old ladies from burning buildings, helping the police bring down some of the toughest villains, he even will get a cat stuck in a tree to come down. The second of my client’s endless amount of outstanding qualities is his ability to make quick and precise decisions. We need a president that will not crack under the pressure of making an important choice for this country. The September 11th incident would be the perfect example. There is a better way to handle this than just bombing everywhere. If Superman were president the planes would have been stopped in their tracks and placed safely on the ground. The economy is another area t...

Mad Cow Disease :: essays research papers

Mad cow disease kills many and is spreading rapidly throughout Britain and is slowly affecting the United States. Mad cow disease is a serious disease that affects many different species. There are different forms of the disease. This disease has occurred in Britain and can occur in the United States as well. Mad cow disease can be prevented.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mad cow disease has several different names. It is called Bovine Spongiform encephalopathy or BSE. Other names are New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease or vCJD (Morris). Transmittable Spongiform encephalopathy or TSE is another name. Spongiform encephalopathies are nervous system disorders which nerve cells of the brain die, causing the brain to assume a sponge-like appearance (Montague, Part 1). In 1985 a veterinarian found odd symptoms in a cattle (Morris). Cows in Britain began to die of mysterious ailments (Montague, Part 1). German physicians Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt and Alfons Jakob first discovered vCJD in its natural form in the 1920’s (Shell, Part 2). In 1996 British government conceded that people were falling victim to a degenerate new brain disease linked to BSE (Morris).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some cows in the United States may already have mad cow disease. It is also very possible that people in the United States may have the human form of the disease. Cows are vegetarians by nature. They can be infected when they are forced to eat parts of other infected animals. When animals are slaughtered for human food at least half of the carcass-hide, hooves, entrails, etc can not be sold for human consumption. It’s then sent to a â€Å"rendering† plant where it’s ground up, boiled down and driven into the consistency of brown sugar. Now, it’s sold for feed for cows, pigs, chickens and pets. Eating infected animals transmits mad cow disease or eating animal parts especially brains and spinal cords (Montague, Part 3). Cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry that are exposed to BSE via animal food can secretly harbour the disease (Morris). Scrapie is a disease that has affected sheep for at least 200 years. Sheep infected with Scrapie rub up ag ainst fences or barns until they scrape away their wool, leaving raw wounds, then they die. Scrapie infected sheep are sometimes fed to cows (Montague). Humans can get the human form of mad cow disease by eating infected meat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mad cow disease has a severe effect on animals. The infamous disease has increased 23 percent a year in Britain since 1994 (ABC News).

Symbols, Symbolism and Irony in Thomas Manns Death in Venice Essay

Symbols, Symbolism and Irony in Thomas Mann's Death in Venice      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel Death in Venice, by Thomas Mann, an observer compliments the main character Gustave von Aschenbach by saying, " 'You see, Aschenbach has always lived like this '-here the speaker closed the fingers of his left hand to a fist-'never like this '-and he let his hand hang relaxed from the back of his chair" (p. 1069).   This is a perfect description of Aschenbach, a man set in convention, driven to succeed from an early age, quite dull really.   After all, his favorite motto was "hold fast" (p. 1070).   He has always kept his feelings in check, and never allowed himself to lose control of any aspect of his life.   As the story progresses, however, the fist that is Aschenbach slowly opens up until it finally releases all the pent-up emotion and desire.   Wrought with symbolism and irony, Death in Venice tells a tragic tale of unbridled lust, misspent youth, and the undoing of a man, once so firmly in control his life, as he ultimately surrenders to a pa ssion that overcomes him. Gustave von Aschenbach is a renowned and successful writer, yet he is losing any passion he might have once had for his craft.   He has always been driven to achieve, and thus has spent no time in the pursuit of happiness or even simple pleasures.   His life is entirely predictable. "Too busy with the tasks imposed upon him by his own ego and the European soul, too laden with the care and duty to create, too preoccupied to be an amateur of the gay outer world, he had been content to know as much of the worlds surface as he could without leaving his own sphere-had, indeed, never been tempted to leave Europe" (p. 1067).   But he becomes tired of his day-to-day existence, growing di... ...t in Othello, "If it were now to die, 'Twere now to be most happy."i[2]   Never again would Aschenbach experience such a moment of utter bliss and perfection; following this instant there was nothing left to live for.      Notes: 1 Mythology summaries taken from www.greekmythology.com 2 Othello, Act 2, Scene 1, lines 189-190 www.geocities.com/~spanoudi/quote-19c.html Works Cited: "Death in Venice," Thomas Mann, Michael Henry Heim (Translator) Publisher: Harper Perennial (May 31, 2005) Othello, Act 2, Scene 1, lines 189-190 www.geocities.com/~spanoudi/quote-19c.html Greek Mythology For Dummies www.greekmythology.com

Notes on Religious Views on Life After Death Essay

Question is – What are we made of and what survives after death of the body. If anything survives how much of the original identity of that person survives and in what form? People try to answer this by: Believing in a superior being who has communicated a promise Gathering data about LAD – near death experiences, past life memories that suggest reincarnation, the para-normal Accepting no ‘life ‘after death – we are matter and return to matter and become part of the wider world again Exploring ideas about the nature of body and soul Some Christians believe death is the event that makes sense of our previous lives and the meaning of death itself is changed in the promise of eternal life. John Hick, ‘ it should not evoke the sickening fear with which we face what we know to be evil†¦ It is a fuller stage in the outworking of the Creator’s loving purpose for his children. SOURCES Revealed Knowledge – The Bible, Qur’an, Torah etc which tell us of the events others have experienced and what they claim and to those who accept them as revealed knowledge this gives certainty. Christians believe that Jesus was and is God Incarnate, so if he promises eternal life to his followers, he must be trusted. Similarly Muslims trust the Prophet Mohammed as Allah’s chosen messenger – and as he has spoken of paradise, then there must be such a place. Inferential Knowledge – Reasoning that the ideas expressed explain so much that they must be true even if there’s no proof = a belief. Hindus do not have any promise in scripture, but they trust their God loves them and so will e god to them upon death. In neither case is there absolute proof – the believer trusts that it is true. Religious views Christian Old Testament – good and bad alike to go to Sheol as ghostlike individuals – Job 14.7-12 There’s hope is a tree is cut down as buds can grow from the trunk but ‘man lies down and does not rise again’. However he also believes that if he has a personal relationship with God which is beyond the trials of this life he will be with God at the end. New Testament – the crucifixion and resurrection of Christ is at the heart of the belief in LAD,. Jesus’s promise to the good thief crucified with him ‘This day you will be with me in paradise’ only appears in the Gospel of Luke – indicates that he believes in the possibility of paradise for the righteous and the repentant. However the translation of ‘paradise’ could also refer to a pleasant place. Jesus referred to heaven as the place where God lived ‘Our Father which art in heaven†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Book of Revelations contains visions of Saints whose bloody robes have been washed clean in the blood of the lamb (Christ) in a heavenly city, the new Jerusalem. It is clear there is a heaven after death, which is separate from the last judgment, also known as the second coming, which will happen at the end of time. The term eschatalogical gap refers to the gap between what’s in the bible and the precise details of the afterlife Purgatory – Roman Catholics only – people have to atone for sin before they can enter heaven – no scriptural evidence for this idea Limbo – not in current use, but Catholics used to believe the unbaptised or good people who’d never heard of Jesus would go here. Protestants believed such people would go straight to hell as God would have called those to be saved. One reference in Peter’s letters ‘The spirits who are in prison’ Reincarnation – some Christians have accepted this in the past – but not currently in use. Catholics in particular value appearances by Mary (Lourdes, Fatima etc) and other saints after their death as confirming an after life. Quakers – religious body without creeds and so base beliefs on experience, life experience varies and therefore so do views on LAD. Three main views – bit these are not fixed, all beliefs are personal. 1. The good we have done (and possibly the evil) lives on after we have gone in the lives of those affected – this might be as memories or as the impact of deeds 2. Survival of the Human Spirit as a continuation of this life in a ‘spiritual body’ (St Paul’s term). Some also believe in reincarnation 3. Acceptance of heaven and hell as destinations after death but belief in a Loving God and redemption through Christ means hell cannot be eternal Personal conclusions about LAD are based on individual experiences of the Love of God in this life in spite of the experience of suffering. Therevada Buddists Nirvana achieved in this life, without substrate and so continuing to live in bodily form is described as a set of qualities in The Questions of King Milinda. He asks Nagasena whether he can compare it to anything in this world to help him understand. Nagasena says it can’t be compared to anything, but its qualities can. E.g ‘As a lotus is unsustained by water, so Nirvana is unsustained by all the defilements’ Islam God has a plan for the whole universe and all human beings At the day of judgement to whole universe will be destroyed and the dead raised to stand before him That day will be the beginning of an unending life on which every individual will be judged and rewarded by God according to their deeds. The Qur’an argues that life after death is vital of make sense of morality. If there is no afterlife then a belief in God is irrelevant. Hindus believe in certain heavenly states, notably Goloka, Krishna’s heaven for devotees, but there is little justification in scripture. Hindus believe as a God loves his people he must be good to them when they die. The Resurrection of the Body Key Christian belief is that the individual survives as an individual. Also that the individual is judged as a individual Jesus’s resurrection and ascension is the model we will follow as he was sent to show us the way, the truth and the light.. The Apostles and Nicene Creed both affirm belief in ‘the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come’ Tey also refer to the ‘communion of saints’ which refers to the Church as one body uniting those in heaven and those on earth. The point of the Creed is to reinforce belief in the face of challenges Christians believe that man can be saved as a whole, body and soul man can glorify God through his body as he is made in the image of God, the body can become a sacrifice to God and also a dwelling place of the Holy Spirit, (Corinthians 6.19-20,Do you not know that your bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God?). Also Christ at the Last Supper gave his Body and Blood as a means of salvation, so the human body is important On the same day as jesus’s resurrection Matthew’s gospel reports dead prophets rising from their graves – indicating a bodily resurrection. Paul speaks of us dying and rising with Christ in Baptism as a spiritual experience (Romans 6.5-11) but he is clear that the body will be resurrected after death – however in 1 Corinthians 15-50 he also says ‘flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Irenaeus and Tertullian both interpret this to mean that flesh is resurrected for judgment and that the Spirit must be present in the flesh to enter heaven. The Creed also affirms belief in the Holy Spirit. 1 Corinthains 15.35-50 Paul is asked ‘How are the dead raised?’ He uses the analogy of a seed and a bulb to show that something completely different can arise from a source. At h time there was a commonly held belief that the flesh would be resurrected – the corpse – Paul tried to make it clear that the ‘body’ refers to the whole personality and person, both inner and outer. Through Adam we are part of the physical sphere and through Christ we are part of the spiritual sphere – Christ was man and God together we are physical body and spiritual body together. Paul does not describe the spiritual body.

Black Swan, Cinema Paper

Sarah Risner Dr. Foley Cinema 19 November 2012 Black Swan â€Å"Black Swan† is a movie with a dark transformation of Nina the white swan metamorphosing herself into the black swan, with symbolism and psychosis playing well within the movie. Most of this movie plays into the world the ballerina, and exposes some of the hidden motives of this world. The other world this movie plays into is the world of someone with psychosis, and the mysteries that follow between both worlds. It seems the ballerina world feeds into the patient with psychosis and feeds the mental illness.After one watches this movie they will be horrified and troubled at the same time. The character of Nina will leave one trying to figure out the mysteries of Nina’s life. It actually leaves the audience with more questions than answers after watching the movie. The questions are what give the movie great success. The setting of â€Å"Black Swan† takes place in New York at a ballerina studio where Ni na and Lily are preparing for the production of Swan Lake. The plot of the movie is about Nina and her obsession with dance. Her mother is a former ballerina and is very controlling of her daughter.The dance director by the name of Thomas Leroy decides to replace the character Beth with Nina for the new season of Swan Lake. Nina is his choice, but he also has eyes for the character Lily. Nina feels competition between herself and Lily. Nina has an obsessive view between herself and Lily. This part is complicated because it means the character has to play both the white swan and the black swan. The white swan requires the ballerina to play a part of purity and elegance. The black swan part requires the ballerina to play a part of cunning and sexuality.Nina will go to the dark side of this character and it will drive her insane. Lily and Nina form a candid friendship which seems to be insane itself. The conflict of this movie is the inner struggle of Nina with her own personality wagi ng war against itself. The character change of this movie is with the main character of Nina. Nina starts out innocent and ends up exploring her dark side in order to turn herself into the character of the black swan. Some universal symbolism found in this movie is the use of the character Lily asNina’s doppelganger. The symbol is of course is the twin/double identity of Nina’s self. This embodies Nina’s good/evil sides of herself. Mirrors are used in the film to show Nina splitting into two different personalities. The cultural symbolism in this movie is seen in black and white symbolism. Black of course shows the dark side of Nina, and white the good side of Nina. It is shown with actual color within most of the movie though. The theme of this movie is the cost of fame, along with the dark sides of show business.It also shows complexities of trying to be perfect and how the stress of perfection can be one’s downfall. According to The Sticky Shoe Review by Logan Arney, says the Black Swan having a target audience is a bold statement. The reason for this being that the movie has attracted all kinds of people to watching it due to the Oscars and so forth. It has almost created its own target, or curious on-seekers just wondering what goes on in this film. The marketing of this film has many causes to it such as big names. The big acting names are Natalie Portman who stars in this film, director Darren Aronofsky.Aronofsky himself has directed big hits such as â€Å"The Wrestler†, â€Å"The Fountain†, â€Å"Requiem for a Dream†, and â€Å"Pi†. Natalie Portman has starred in big hits such as â€Å"V is for Vendetta†, and â€Å"The Other Boleyn Girl†. Adding to this list are the other two big actors being Vincent Cassel, and Wynonna Ryder and not to mention this film being the buzz at the Venice Film Festival of 2010. There is a lot of PR when this bag of names is mentioned (Mu). The script used in this film was written by Mark Heyman, Andres Heinz, and John McLaughlin. The story was written by Andres Heinz (IMDb).According to Tom Long, giving his critical response about this film, he believes the movie works due to Portman’s great commitment to character which gives the movie its greatness. He also admits this movie is not necessarily for everyone, but for anyone looking for the horror and craziness in a ballerina movie (Long). The mise-en-scene in â€Å"Black Swan† shows up as black and white color. For one, the costume of the dancers shows as black and white. The dress in the reception is black, as are the walls of the ballet company. The editing of this movie was done by Andrew Weisblum (IMDb).What made the editing so great in this movie was how the emotions were transferred on film while adeptly telling the good story. The lighting in â€Å"Black Swan† is very dramatic with tones of greens and magentas showing up within different characters, and of course the black and whites within the film. The music in this film is like any suspense thriller movie in that one knows something is about to happen when a scary tune starts to play. The sound effects seem to mimic the actual swan cry in some parts of the movie. This in effect makes the film very symbolic of the actual animal of a swan.This movie has many camera angles that clearly explore this movies symbolism. One of the high-angle shots of this film is when the character of Nina when she is dancing on stage, and she is looked down on by the audience. A good close-up shot are when it shows Nina’s feet and it shows how much control she has in her movement. A significant wide-shot in the movie is when we are in Nina’s bedroom, and there is light hitting the bed. The medium-shot in the movie that probably catches most everyone’s eye is when Nina is passing her other self on the subway.This movie uses mostly the fixed-camera. In conclusion, this movie clearly g oes beyond any limit set forth on most film. It has used more symbolism than other movies which makes it quite interesting. It also has the uncanny terroristic theme of terror imposed within it. One feels as if the ballerina world has been exposed while showing to what extremes the female ballerina will go thru to stay skinny, and be perfect. The black and whites of the film show to what extremes in which the ballerina will show herself through. Works Cited Arney, Logan. â€Å"Black Swan. The Stickey Shoe Review (2010): 1. July 19, 2012 http://stickyshoereview. com/? p=107 â€Å"Black Swan,† IMDb (2010): 1. July 20, 2012 < http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0947798/> Long, Tom. â€Å"Review: Natalie Portman soars in ‘Black Swan'† The Detroit News Opinion (2010): 1. July 19, 2012 < http://www. detroitnews. com/article/20101210/OPINION03/12100326/1034/ent02/Review–Natalie-Portman-soars-in–Black-Swan-> Mu, Jennifer. â€Å"Love this Black Swan Film Marketi ng,† Luminosity Marketing (2010): 1. July 19, 2012 < http://luminositymarketing. com/blog/? p=2616>

African American Stereotypes in the Media

Jakaya McCambry 10/02/12 African American Stereotypes in the Media When I first heard someone say, â€Å"All African American people are Ghetto,† I was very offended that someone would make this type of assumption about my culture, and I thought how ignorant this person must be; but then I stopped and wondered why other people would think this about us. I asked her why she would say something like this, and she instantly listed shows like Tosh. O and Chelsea Lately, which highlight my culture in a negative view.It was clear to me that she had made up her mind about black people through watching the media and seeing African Americans fulfill that stereotype in person. This led me to question: Where exactly do these stereotypes come from? Are African American stereotypes still apparent in the media? What shows, movies, etc have made others portray our race as â€Å"Ghetto† or other lists of stereotypes? Are there any solutions to stop African American stereotypes? When we subscribe to the belief that groups of member are expected to possess certain characteristics, we are engaging stereotypes.When these groups are evaluated based on what the perceiver believes the target ought to be, judgments are made. These judgments concerning these individuals, based on their membership in a group or judgments made about people are not particularly based on facts. Stereotypes about our race dates all the way back to slavery. The beliefs that we were dishonest, promiscuous, and violent were evident during slavery of our black race. More recently the media sets the tone for morals, values, info about our culture; leading people to believe everything they see on TV including black stereotypes.It is a fact that one out of three people are said to have more than one TV in their house, which shows that media is a source for how people form perceptions about people (Tosi 13). Perception thus becomes a reality to people, and once people perceive it, stereotyping is born . Stereotyping of African Americans in the media has stemmed from how the media has presented African Americans to the world. There is a theory by George Gerbner that states, â€Å"Individuals who frequently watch high contents of television will begin to believe that they are living in a world similar to what is portrayed on the screen (Gerbner&Gross, 1976). It is the idea that whether something is being portrayed as negative or positive on television, most people will believe it. There is a fact which says that about six percent of African Americans are seen in comedies and dramas (Tosi 14). Within that category, they are mostly illustrated as being lazy, loud, uneducated and poor. For example, in movies like The Color Purple and shows like Good Times demonstrates negative perceptions of our race. On the other hand, shows like The Cosby show and Fresh prince of Bel Aire try and broaden the viewer’s idea of a typical â€Å"black† family.These shows highlight black pe ople living a very high class, educated, wealthy lifestyle. And so, as we see, the media ultimately controls how our race as they perceived, whether it is negative or positive. Since the media has a strong influence on the people’s perceptions of each other, they are the real deciding factor on how to solve the problem of stereotyping. We could possibly find solutions by matching every negative stereotype with a positive one, so that the good and bad cancel each other out.This is just a start; we want it so that when other cultures look at us, degrading stereotypes pertaining to our race will not come to mind. I believe we as inviduals also have the power to choose not to conform to our own stereotypes. Bordewich once said, â€Å" Only by abandoning many long-held, lovingly-held, myths and fantasies; we will become able to shape a healthy rational policy for people’s whose real life s far more complex and interesting, than our persistent fantasies. † So although the entertainment in the media may be interesting, we as a culture need to lead and be as catalyst in ending these demeaning stereotypes.Stereotypes can be good or bad, but given the evidence from my research on this topic, I can conclude that most African American stereotypes are negative. The way entertainment in the media portrays us has greatly affected how others identify us. Movies and shows like; Madea’s family Reunion, Bringing down the House, Love and Hip Hop, and Basketball Wives all portray us in a degrading way. People sometimes find it comical of course, but the fact that it is comical does not justify it being debasing. This image of us has evolved from things in the media, and its’ power to shape people’s idea of us.We as a race must stop living up to our stereotypes. As soon as we take action in not succumbing to our own stereotype, people will not think we are â€Å"Ghetto† or any other undignified term they think of us; therefore in the media we won’t be perceived in that way. As Colin Powell once said, â€Å"Fit no stereotypes. Don't chase the latest management fads. The situation dictates which approach best accomplishes the team's mission. † Although African American stereotyping is prevalent in the media now because of its’ entertaining quality; it perpetuates a cycle of harmful stereotypes.As long as this cycle continues, our culture will always be illustrated negatively. Works Cited Dixon, Travis L. â€Å"Network News And Racial Beliefs: Exploring The Connection Between National Television News Exposure And Stereotypical Perceptions Of African Americans. †Ã‚  Journal Of Communication  58. 2 (2008): 321-337. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Oct. 2012 Horton, Yurii, Eric Brown, and Raagen Price. â€Å"PORTRAYAL OF MINORITIES IN THE FILM, MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRIES. †Ã‚  PORTRAYAL OF MINORITIES IN THE FILM, MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRIES.Ethics of Development in a Global Environment (EDGE), 1 June 1999. Web. 02 Oct. 2012. . Retirethechief. â€Å"Stereotypes and Symbolism: Images Can Hurt. †Ã‚  Stereotypes and Symbolism: Images Can Hurt. RetireTheChief. org, May 2003. Web. 02 Oct. 2012. . Sanders, Meghan S. , and Srividya Ramasubramanian. â€Å"An Examination Of African Americans' Stereotyped Perceptions Of Fictional Media Characters. †Ã‚  Howard Journal Of Communications  23. (2012): 17-39. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. Tosi, Paula. â€Å"Thinking About What We See: Using Media Literacy To Examine Images Of African Americans On Television. †Ã‚  Black History Bulletin  74. 1 (2011): 13-20. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. Ramasubramanian, Srividya, and Mary Beth Oliver. â€Å"Activating And Suppressing Hostile And Benevolent Racism: Evidence For Comparative Media Stereotyping. †Ã‚  Media Psychology  9. 3 (2007): 623-646. Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. Moon J. Lee, Shannon L . Bichard, Meagan S. Irey, Heather M. Walt & Alana J.Carlson, (2009)Television Viewing and Ethnic Stereotypes: Do College Students Form Stereotypical Perceptions of Ethnic Groups as a Result of Heavy Television Consumption?. Howard Journal of Communications 20:1, pages 95-110. Bradley W. Gorham, (2006) News Media's Relationship With Stereotyping: The Linguistic Intergroup Bias in Response to Crime News. Journal of Communication 56:2, pages 289-308. C. Mo Bahk & Fred E. Jandt, (2004)  Being White in America: Development of a Scale. Howard Journal of Communications 15:1, pages 57-68. â€Å"Stereotypes In Media. †Ã‚  Stereotypes In Media. N. p. , n. d.Web. 19 Nov. 2012. . Monique Kloosterman, et al. â€Å"‘Shake It Baby, Shake It': Media Preferences, Sexual Attitudes And Gender Stereotypes Among Adolescents. †Ã‚  Sex Roles  63. 11/12 (2010): 844-859. Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. Hutchison, Phillip J. â€Å"Reexamining Jack Johnson, Stereotypes, A nd America's White Press, 1908–1915. †Ã‚  Howard Journal Of Communications23. 3 (2012): 215-234. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Pickering, Michael. â€Å"Sex In The Sun: Racial Stereotypes And Tabloid News.   Social Semiotics  18. 3 (2008): 363-375. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. Li Chen, et al. â€Å"Male Mammies: A Social-Comparison Perspective On How Exaggeratedly Overweight Media Portrayals Of Madea, Rasputia, And Big Momma Affect How Black Women Feel About Themselves. †Ã‚  Mass Communication & Society  15. 1 (2012): 115-135. Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. Hermes, Joke. â€Å"On Stereotypes, Media And Redressing Gendered Social Inequality. †Ã‚  Contemporary Readings In Law & Social Justice  2. 2 (2011): 181-187. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Nov. 2012.

Marketing Micro and Macro Environmental Factors Essay

Macro and micro environments both fall into the categories of environmental scanning. The general scope of environmental scanning is that it is a component of global environmental analysis. While analyses are typically carried out on the macro environment, the micro environment still has an important role to play. In summary, the macro environment is involved with the industries, companies, markets, clients and competitors, while the micro environment can be represented by the suppliers, competitors and customers. Macro Environment These are the major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organization’s decision making, and affect its performance and strategies.The macro environment is typically segmented for the reasons of analysis. This analysis, commonly referred to as a PESTLE analysis, allows researchers to look at the main six environmental factors that affect a business. These factors are political, economical, technological, environmental, legal and social. Each of these factors indirectly affects the company but the company cannot control them. Instead the company is required to adapt to these factors in the most efficient way possible. The results of this analysis allow the company to see where their strengths are when adapting to the macro environment and where they could improve on their methods. 1. Economic Environment: Economic environment of business has reference to the board characteristics of the economic system in which the business operates. The business sector has economic relation with the government, capital market; household sector and global sector. These sectors together influence the trends and structure of the economy. The form and functioning of the economy vary widely. The important external factors that affect the economic environment of a business are; (i)Economic Conditions: – The general Economic conditions prevailing in the country viz. national income, per capita income, economic resources, distribution of income and assets, economic development etc. are important determinants of the business strategies. Business cycles and economic growth of the economy are important factors defining the economic environment. (ii)The economic system operating in the country also affects the business enterprise to a very great extent. The economic system of a country may be capitalist, socialist, communist or mixed. (iii)Economic Policies: – The government decides the economic environment of business through Budges, Industrial regulations, Economic planning, Import and Export regulations, Business laws, Industrial policy, Control on prices and wages, Trade and transport policies, the size of the national Income, Demand & supply of various goods etc. (iv)Economic Growth: – The stage of economic growth of the economy has direct impact on the business strategies. Increased economic growth rate and increase in consumption expenditure, lower the general pressure within an industry and offers more opportunities then threats. (v)The rate of interest affects the demand for the products in the economy, particularly when general goods are to be purchased through borrowed finance. Low interest rated provides opportunities to the industries to expand whereas rising interest rates pose a threat to these institutions. (vi)Currency Exchange: – Current exchange rates have direct impact on the business environment. When the rupee was devalued in 1991, it was to make Indian products cheaper in the world market and consequently boost India’s exports. 2. Political and Governmental Environment: Political environment refers to the influence exerted by the three political institutions they are; Legislature, Executive, Judiciary etc. The legislature decides on a particular course of action. Government is the executive and its job is to implement whatever was decided by parliament. The judiciary has ensure that both the legislature and executive function in public interest and within the boundaries of constitution. Legal and political environment provides a framework within the business is to function and its existence depends on the success with which it can face the various challenges constructed out of political and legal framework. 3. Socio-cultural Environment: Changes in social trends can impact on the demand for a firm’s products and the availability and willingness of individuals to work. Social class and caste of a person goes a long way in deciding the business activities in relation to its production and marketing activities. Tradition, customs and social attitudes have changed the attitude and beliefs of the persons which have their effect on organizational environment. Class and caste are influencing the purchasing pattern. Socio-cultural environment may include expectations of the society from business, attitudes of society towards business and its management, views towards achievement of work, views towards structure, responsibility and organizational positions, views towards customs, traditional and conventional, class structure and labor mobility and level of education. 4. Natural Environment: Environmental factors include the weather and climate change. Changes in temperature can impact on many industries including farming, tourism and insurance. With major climate changes occurring due to global warming and with greater environmental awareness this external factor is becoming a significant issue for firms to consider. The growing desire to protect the environment is having an impact on many industries such as the travel and transportation industries for example, more taxes being placed on air travel and the success of hybrid cars, and the general move towards more environmentally friendly products and processes is affecting demand patterns and creating business opportunities. 5. Demographic Environment: Demographic factor include Size, growth rate, age composition, sex composition etc. of population, Family size, Economic stratification of population, Educational level, Caste, religion etc. All these demographic factors are relevant to business. These factors affect the demand for goods and services. High population growth rate indicates an enormous increase in labor supply. Population with varied tastes, preferences, beliefs, temperaments etc. gives rise to differing demand pattern and calls for different marketing strategies. 6. Technological Environment: In order to survive in today’s competitive world, a business has to adopt technological changes from time to time. New technologies create new products and new processes. Technology can reduce costs, improve quality and lead to innovation. These developments can benefit consumers as well as the organizations providing the products. MP3 players, computer games, online gambling and high definition TVs are all new markets created by technological advances. Online shopping, bar coding and computer aided design are all improvements to the way we do business as a result of better technology. 7. International Environment: Another environmental factor which is fast emerging as the force to reckon with is the international environment. Implications of global or international environment are; (i)Due to liberalization, Indian companies are forced to view business issues from the global perspective. (ii)Safe and protected markets are no longer there. World is becoming small in size due to advanced means of transport and communication facilities. (iii)Learning of foreign languages is must for every business manager. (iv)Acquiring familiarity with foreign currencies is also must. (v)Facing political and legal uncertainties is inevitable. Micro Environment Micro environmental factors are internal factors close to a business that have a direct impact on its strategy. . Within the micro environment it is important that the layout of the physical infrastructure is focused on competitiveness. These factors include: Customers Organizations’ survive on the basis of meeting customer needs and wants and providing benefits for their customers. Failure to do so will result in a failed business strategy. As all businesses need customers, they should be customer oriented. Employees Employing the correct staff and keeping staff motivated is an essential part of an organization’s strategic planning process. Training and development play a critical role in achieving a competitive edge; especially in service sector marketing. This is clearly apparent in the airline industry, where customer services is crucial in obtaining a competitive edge. Employing staff with relevant skills and experience is essential. This process begins at recruitment stage and continues throughout an employee’s employment via ongoing training and promotion opportunities. If a business employs staff without motivation, skills or experience it will affect customer service and ultimately sales. Suppliers Suppliers provide businesses with the materials they need to carry out their business activities. A supplier’s behavior will directly impact the business it supplies. For example if a supplier provides a poor service this could increase timescales or lower product quality. An increase in raw material prices will affect an organization’s marketing mix strategy and may even force price increases. Close supplier relationships are an effective way to remain competitive and secure quality products. Shareholders As organisations require inward investment to grow, they may decide to move from private to public ownership and list on the stock market. The introduction of public shareholders brings new pressures as public shareholders want a return from the money they have invested in the company. Shareholder pressure to increase profits will affect organisational strategy. Relationships with shareholders need to be managed carefully as rapid short term increases in profit could detrimentally affect the long term success of the business. Media Positive media attention can make an organisation or its products and negative media attention can break an organisation. Organisations need to manage the media so that the media help promote the positive things about the organisation and reduce the impact of a negative event on their reputation. Some organisations will even employ public relations (PR) consultants to help them manage a particular event or incident. Consumer television programs with a wide and more direct audience can also have a very powerful impact on the success of an organisation. Some businesses recognise this and will change their reaction when consumers mention that they are going to contact a consumer television programme or the newspapers about the business. Competitors The name of the game in marketing is differentiation. Can the organisation offer benefits that are better than those offered by competitors? Does the business have a unique selling point (USP)? Competitor analysis and monitoring is crucial if an organisation is to maintain or improve its position within the market. If a business is unaware of its competitor’s activities they will find it very difficult to â€Å"beat† their competitors. The market can move very quickly for example through a change in trading conditions, consumer behavior or technological developments. As a business it is important to examine competitors’ responses to these changes so that you can maximise the impact of your response

Consumer' Income Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer' Income - Coursework Example When the price of the orange is $30, consumers are willing and able to buy 30,000 oranges. As the price of the orange decrease to $10 the quantity demanded increases to 60,000 oranges which are due to the fact that more consumers will be willing to buy that orange. For a linear curve decrease in price is directly proportional to increase in quantity demanded. 7. List the determinants of demand. (6 total)   The determinants of demand curve are as follows: a) The consumer’s income b) The price of related goods c) Advertisement d) Consumer price expectation e) Number of consumers in the market f) Taste and preference of consumers 8. Next to each determinant in your list give a real world example of it.   Along a demand curve the factors, other than price of the good, are held constant. When these factors change the demand curve shifts either outwards or inwards which means that either more or less is demanded at a certain price. An explanation of these factors is given below: 1- The consumer’s income: the effect that income has on the amount of a product that consumers are willing and able to buy depends on the type of good. For most goods, there is positive (direct) relationship between a consumer’s income and the amount of the good that one is willing to buy (Campbell R. McConnell, 2007). The demand for a product will shift outward when the consumer’s income rises. We call these types of goods as normal goods. For example, the demand for branded clothes increases with the income level. However; for some goods the relationship is opposite between income and your demand for a product. These goods are called inferior goods. There demand decreases as income increases. For example, income level increase will cut the demand for second hand cars. 2- The price of related goods: A common example could be of bagels and cream cheese. We call these types of goods complements. If the price of a bagel goes up, the law of demand tells us that on e will buy fewer bagels. Moreover, as use of cream cheese is complimentary to bagels, the demand for cream cheese will also fall. When two goods are complementary, there is an inverse relationship between the price of one good and the demand for the other good. On the other hand, some goods are considered to be substitutes for one another. This means that they can be used as an alternate to each other. Either of them would be deferred for the other. For example, Coke and Pepsi are used as substitutes for each other. If price of Coke increase, the demand for Pepsi will increase and if the price of Coke decreases the demand of Pepsi will decrease. This portrays a positive relationship between the price of one good and the demand for the other good. 3- The tastes and preference of consumers: It is a less tangible item that can have a big impact on demand. There are certain things that can change one’s taste or preferences which ultimately causes people to buy more or less of a p roduct. For instance, a person may have a higher demand for an umbrella on a rainy day than on a sunny day. Another example of it would be endorsements by celebrities. If a celebrity endorses a new product, this may increase the demand for a product. This will change the preference of a consumer and will result in an increase in demand. On the other hand, if a new health study comes out indicating that meat is bad for your health, this may decrease the demand

Financial crisis impacts on progress of employees Essay - 1

Financial crisis impacts on progress of employees - Essay Example Financial crisis can be used to refer to economic; an economic crisis refers to a situation where the economy is unstable and thus the instability results to an economic recession or a depression. An economic recession results from economic shocks thus leading to real changes in the economy, in the case of financial crisis it may not necessarily result into an economic crisis. There has been many financial crisis with many of them resulting to economic recession to name but a few, the Mexican financial crisis which occurred in the mid 1990, the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990’s and the popular know global financial crisis in the late 2000’s that saw giant economies like the United experience negative economical growth (Akhigbe 1985). The Mexican financial crisis occurred in the mid 90’s and to be exact in late 1994 and 1995, scholars have argued that the devaluation of peso was mishandled thus resulting to the crisis. Mexico economy was growing at an aver age of 3.1% between the year 1989 and 1994, inflation rates were decline and 1993 there were a single digit after two decade of soar prices. This had made Mexico attractive to foreign investor thus making the capital inflows and foreign direct investment to spur the economy (Tuano, 2002). The economic growth achieved was halted by the decision to devalue Peso in December 1994 was not attractive to the foreign investors, thus there no more capital inflows and this was the commencement of what was later came to be known as the great Mexican Peso crisis. In addition to devaluation weak regulators systems as contributed to the crisis, after the foreign investor pulled out the Mexican government did not measures in place that could avoid depletion of foreign reserves or reverse the imported created demand thus resulting into a crisis (Muller, 2011). The Mexican crisis left employees vulnerable to high prices due to imported created inflation, these de-motivated employees as used much of their to cover bills and purchase basic commodities. Although manufactures could not request employees for a wage cut as suggested by many classical economist due wage rigidity, the employers resulted to layoffs so as reduce the monthly bills or closing. In some cases employers had closed down manufacturing plant as demand for their products was low, thus this led to many workers dream being shut down. The Mexican crisis was closely followed by the Asian financial crisis which can be contrasted to the earlier currency crisis to the crisis that had the most severe to Asian countries to name but a few Thailand and Philippines. The Asian financial crisis resulted to the main reasons as outlined below, shortage in foreign reserves, wrong replenishment measures by the International Monetary Fund and in adequate financial institutions. Similar to the Mexico the Asian counties before the crisis the countries experienced high capital inflows but unlike in Mexican cases foreign investors wit hdrew from Asia at some extent due to panic and contagion (Age?nor, 2006). Asian crisis also affected on employees, for example, in Philippines one of immediate reaction by companies operating in the region was to cut down cost of production thus resulting to down sizing of the workforce or even at worst level closing down. According to the

Thermoplastic Copolyester nancomposites for biomedical applications Research Proposal

Thermoplastic Copolyester nancomposites for biomedical applications - Research Proposal Example Nanocomposites comprise a broad class of new materials that can combine the properties of bulk phase materials with nano-dimensional phase materials. The application of these materials to biomedical devices is a subject of intense research, providing an opportunity for researchers to develop and exploit the properties of new materials to achieve markedly different catalytic, mechanical, thermal, electrochemical, optical, and electrical properties from the component materials that may be useful in the development of contemporary medical devices and drug delivery systems. Copolyester thermoplastic elastomers combine the chemical and material properties of chemically crosslinked elastomers with engineered plastics, which are often much easier and affordable to manufacture. These materials consist of multiple domains, instead of the single domain found in polyesters, and are commonly referred to as â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† blocks (Cella, 1973, p.727). ... These materials combine the strength and processing characteristics available to engineered plastics with the performance abilities of thermoset elastomers, with the additional benefit of attaining optimal properties without vulcanization, a factor that can significantly reduce part cost (DSM 2011, p.2). Copolyesters, like polyesters, are polymers assembled from diacids and diols whose type may be varied in order to achieve certain material properties. Copolyesters, however, contain multiple distinct monomers (Jaarsma 2004, p.1). These materials have both excellent mechanical properties that duplicate rubber and leather at a fraction of the cost, making the materials commercially interesting for a broad variety of applications (Dupont 2011, p.2-3). Relative to other available elastomers, copolymer elastomer materials offer the most consistent performance over a range of temperatures, with little variation in properties at either extremely high or low temperatures (DSM 2011, p.2). Thi s is a property particularly useful in the sterilization of medical devices, which often involves extreme temperature ranges. In order to be useful for biomedical applications, the most important material property is to withstand repeat sterilization processes that may involve gamma irradiation, high temperatures, electron beams, and ethylene oxide (EtO) treatments. In addition, a material must show excellent chemical resistance, toughness, clarity, and color stability in order to be effectively applied to biomedical applications (Jaarsma 2004, p.1). Achieving an effective biomedical nanocomposite material that fits these stringent criteria

Management Report on a case-study Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management Report on a - - Case Study Example Table of Contents: Sl. No. Particulars Pg. No. 1 Introduction 4 2 Outline a set of values typical for the organizational culture of a well-established small business 5 3 Current business environment for existing business in homeland and world over 7 4 SWOT analysis of newly proposed solar powered and heating units 8 5 Guidelines and directions for the proposed business plan 11 6 Organizational chart which best suits the diversified organization 13 7 Conclusion 14 8 References 14 Introduction: Wobble & Strait Engineering Ltd. is a well-established small business catering to the needs of rural, forestry and fishery companies. The Company was established in 1946 and was mainly family managed. It currently, employs 21 staff in various cadres, including Stanley the Managing Director, to support the purpose of the business. Candy, his heir is now inclined to get involved in the business matters and understands that there are questions regarding the financial soundness of the business in th e present scenario of rising New Zealand dollar as against the US one. The high dollar value is forcing many forestry and fishery companies to defer their requirements with the result that the demand for the company’s products is getting thinned out day by day. ... 2. Consider a real current business environment for the existing business in the homeland and the world over. 3. Conduct a SWOT analysis of newly proposed solar powered energy and heating units. 4. Propose some guidelines and directions for the proposed business plan and 5. Project an organizational chart which best suits the new diversified organization. Outline a set of values typical for the organizational culture of a well-established small business: For any business to be a going concern, it needs to be economically viable while ensuring that the work standards are quality ensured for guaranteed future prospects. As such, it needs to develop Vision and Mission Statements which can lead it towards the goal orientation of profit maximization. This goal can be achieved only when an encouraging culture is established in the organization. Organizational culture is dependent on the values it professes towards it customers, members, manager to staff and all other related inter-personal associations. Thus, a set of values which are like a bible to the organization have to be assimilated which need to be revisited to ensure that no severe deviations occur in the activity process. W&S, being a semi-service oriented organization, has developed similar values (related attitudes) basing on which, it has developed all these years. A recollection of those values and focusing on newly required areas which were overseen in the previous years is imperative for the company’s success in the future: Having a Pro-active Attitude: The employees of an organization should be enthusiastic and believe in its purpose. They should be confident that the goals of the organization are achievable and whenever there is any slack in the business, the